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Synthesis and performance evaluation of poly (acrylamide-co-malonic acid) as FeS scale inhibitor: experimental and theoretical investigations

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Abstract

This article reports on poly (acrylamide-co-malonic acid) and poly(AM-co-MAc) copolymers that inhibit the iron sulfide scale. The iron sulfide scale is considered as one of the most challenging oilfield scales to dissolve or inhibit once formed due to the fast deposition kinetics and low solubility criteria. We present the synthesis, characterization, and testing of poly(AM-co-MAc) that inhibits iron sulfide formation by hindering nucleation growth and preventing particles from settling. A strictly anoxic apparatus was designed and used to evaluate the performance of the synthesized inhibitor. The influence of temperature, pH, and brine composition was also quantified. The results indicated that poly(AM-co-MAc) inhibits iron sulfide formation and nucleation growth under various conditions. The inhibitor effectively maintained iron sulfide particle separation at specific dosages, lowering its ability to cluster. Maximum efficiency of 92% was recorded at 60 °C and 1% volume inhibitor concentration. DFT calculations confirmed the inhibitive properties of poly(AM-co-MAc) via binding energy calculations. Compared to recently reported inhibitors, poly(AM-co-MAc) proves to be safer concerning toxicity properties. This study provides theoretical and technical insights for a novel chemistry solution for the metal-sulfide scale.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to acknowledge the City of Grand Forks for funding this study through Project Number: UND0023658 and Qatar University National Capacity Building Program (NCBP), grant #QUCP-CENG-2021-03. The Research Computing group from Texas A&M University at Qatar provided the HPC resources and services used in this work. The Qatar Foundation funds research computing for education, science, and community development (http://www.qf.org.qa). The outcomes achieved are exclusively the responsibility of the authors.

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  1. Department of Chemical Engineering, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, USA

    Nadhem Ismail & Ali Alshami

  2. Gas Processing Center, College of Engineering, Qatar University, PO Box 2713, Doha, Qatar

    Rem Jalab, Mohammed A. Saad & Ibnelwaleed A. Hussein

  3. Department of Chemical Engineering, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar

    Mohammed A. Saad & Ibnelwaleed A. Hussein

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  1. Nadhem Ismail
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Ismail, N., Alshami, A., Jalab, R. et al. Synthesis and performance evaluation of poly (acrylamide-co-malonic acid) as FeS scale inhibitor: experimental and theoretical investigations. emergent mater. 7, 495–508 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42247-023-00456-5

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