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Three-dimensional printing of \(\varvec{\upbeta }\)-tricalcium phosphate/calcium silicate composite scaffolds for bone tissue engineering

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Abstract

Bioactive scaffolds with interconnected porous structures are essential for guiding cell growth and new bone formation. In this work, we successfully fabricated three-dimensional (3D) porous \(\upbeta \)-tricalcium phosphate (\(\upbeta \)-TCP)/calcium silicate (CS) composite scaffolds with different ratios by 3D printing technique and further investigated the physiochemical properties, in vitro apatite mineralization properties and degradability of porous \(\upbeta \)-TCP/CS scaffolds. Moreover, a series of in vitro cell experiments including the attachment, proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of mouse bone marrow stromal cells were conducted to testify their biological performances. The results showed that 3D printed \(\upbeta \)-TCP/CS scaffolds possessed of controllable internal porous structures and external shape. Furthermore, the introduction of CS decreased the shrinkage of scaffolds and improved the in vitro apatite formation activity and degradation rate. Meanwhile, compared with pure \(\upbeta \)-TCP scaffold, the \(\upbeta \)-TCP/CS composite scaffolds were more conducive to promote cell adhesion, spread and osteogenesis differentiation. However, when the content of CS was increased to 45%, the ions dissolution rate of the composite scaffolds was so high that leaded to the increase in pH value, which inhibited the proliferation of cells. Our results suggested that the introduction of appropriate CS into \(\upbeta \)-TCP bioceramic is an effective strategy to prepare bioactive 3D printed bioceramic scaffolds for hard tissue regeneration.

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Acknowledgements

This work was financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant No. 2016YFB0700803), the Science and Technology program of Guangzhou city (Grant No.201607010234), the Science and Technology program of Guangdong Province (Grant No.2017B090911008) and Guangdong Natural Science Funds for Distinguished Young Scholar (Grant No. 2016A030306018).

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Author notes

  1. Yifan Dong and Haibo Duan have contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, China

    Yifan Dong, Naru Zhao, Xiao Liu & Xuetao Shi

  2. National Engineering Research Centre for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou, 510006, China

    Yifan Dong & Xiao Liu

  3. Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China

    Naru Zhao & Xuetao Shi

  4. South China Institute of Collaborative Innovation, Dongguan, China

    Haibo Duan & Yijuan Ma

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  1. Yifan Dong
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  2. Haibo Duan
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  3. Naru Zhao
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  4. Xiao Liu
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Correspondence to Naru Zhao.

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Dong, Y., Duan, H., Zhao, N. et al. Three-dimensional printing of \(\varvec{\upbeta }\)-tricalcium phosphate/calcium silicate composite scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. Bio-des. Manuf. 1, 146–156 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42242-018-0010-5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s42242-018-0010-5

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