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Nomogram analysis of the influencing factors of diabetic foot in patients with diabetes mellitus

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Abstract

Purpose

To explore the influencing factors of diabetic foot (DF) in diabetic patients and evaluate the influencing factors.

Methods

All 674 diabetic patients admitted to our hospital from January 2015 to June 2019 who met the research criteria were included as study subjects. Clinical data were collected retrospectively by filling in the case report form for clinical research, including the general demographic characteristics, disease history, laboratory examination results, and incidence of diabetes-related complications. Logistic regression analysis was used to screen the factors influencing DF: the nomogram method was applied to score the factors, and a scoring model was constructed.

Results

A total of 122 patients (18.1%) with newly diagnosed DF were identified. Multivariate analysis showed that long duration of diabetes (OR = 2.355), complicated diabetic nephropathy (OR = 3.073), and high HbA1c levels (OR = 1.885) were risk factors for DF development and that foot care education (OR = 0.473) was a protective factor. Cox proportional risk model analysis showed that, compared to patients with better control of HbA1C, the hazard ratio (HR) of DF in the HbA1 group, HbA2 group, and HbA3 group was 1.25, 1.58, and 4.71, respectively. Nomogram model analysis showed that the total score of each factor ranged from 44 to 176 points, and the corresponding risk rate ranged from 0.10 to 0.90 points. The higher the total score, the greater the risk of DF in diabetic patients; the area under the curve in the nomogram model was 0.742; 95% CI: 0.665~0.820 (P < 0.0001).

Conclusion

The key to preventing DF is to enhance diabetic patients’ education regarding DF care, improve patients’ self-management abilities, and improve patients’ blood glucose control.

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Data Availability

The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Author information

Author notes

  1. Mingming Li and Tao Yuan contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Energy Zaozhuang Mining Group Central Hospital, Zaozhuang, 277800, China

    Mingming Li & Qizheng Sun

  2. Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shandong Energy Zaozhuang Mining Group Central Hospital, Zaozhuang, 277800, China

    Tao Yuan

  3. Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zaozhuang Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Zaozhuang, 277800, China

    Supeng Li

Authors
  1. Mingming Li
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  2. Tao Yuan
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  3. Supeng Li
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  4. Qizheng Sun
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Contributions

ML and TY conceived the study and drafted the manuscript. SL collected the data of the patients. QS analyzed the data and revised the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Qizheng Sun.

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Competing interests

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

Ethical approval and consent to participate

This study was approved by the ethics committee of Shandong Energy Zaozhuang Mining Group Central Hospital. The patients who participated in this research signed the informed consent form and provided the clinical data.

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Li, M., Yuan, T., Li, S. et al. Nomogram analysis of the influencing factors of diabetic foot in patients with diabetes mellitus. Hormones 20, 333–338 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42000-020-00263-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s42000-020-00263-1

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