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The measurement of vitamin D metabolites part II—the measurement of the various vitamin D metabolites

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Abstract

Today, the possibility exists to measure a number of different vitamin D metabolites with accurate and precise methods. The most abundant vitamin D metabolite, 25(OH)D, is considered the best marker for estimating vitamin D status and is therefore the most commonly measured in clinical practice. There is no consensus on the added value of measuring other metabolites beyond 25-hydroxyvitamin D, although, in some special clinical scenarios and complicated cases, these metabolites may provide just the information needed for an accurate diagnosis. The problem this review addresses is which metabolite to measure and when and how to measure it.

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Abbreviations

7-DHC:

Dehydrocholesterol or provitamin D3)

24,25(OH)2D3:

24,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3

25(OH)D3:

Calcidiol or 25-hydroxyvitamin D3

1α,25(OH)2D3:

Calcitriol or 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3

C3-epi-25(OH)D:

C3-epimer of 25(OH)D

CYP27B1:

25(OH)D-1a-hydroxylase

CYP24A1:

24-Hydroxylase

PTH:

Parathyroid hormone

FGF-23:

Fibroblast growth factor-23

VDBP:

Vitamin D-binding protein

VDDR:

Vitamin D-dependent rickets

VDR:

Vitamin D receptor

VDSP:

Vitamin D standardization program

VMR:

Vitamin D metabolic ratio

CLD:

Chronic liver disease

CKD:

Chronic kidney disease

SHPT:

Secondary hyperparathyroidism

UV:

Ultraviolet

HPLC:

High-performance liquid chromatography

UHPLC:

Ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography

LC-MS/MS:

Liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry

ID LC-MS/MS:

Isotope dilution liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry

CPBA:

Competitive protein binding assays

RIA:

Radioimmunoassay

ELISA:

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays

CLIA:

Chemiluminescent assays

RMP:

Reference measurement procedure

NIST:

National Institute for Standards and Technology

IFCC:

International Federation of Clinical Chemistry

JCTLM:

Joint Committee for Traceability in Laboratory Medicine

AACC:

American Association for Clinical Chemistry

DEQAS:

Vitamin D External Quality Assessment Scheme

CAP:

College of American Pathologists

CDC:

Center for Disease Control

EQA:

External quality assessment

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Clinical Biochemistry Department, KAT General Hospital, 2 Nikis Str., 14561, Kifissia, Greece

    Konstantinos Makris

  2. Vitamin D Standardization Program (VDSP), Havre de Grace, MD, 21078, USA

    Christopher Sempos

  3. Department of Clinical Chemistry, University of Liege, CHU de Liege, Belgium

    Etienne Cavalier

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  1. Konstantinos Makris
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Makris, K., Sempos, C. & Cavalier, E. The measurement of vitamin D metabolites part II—the measurement of the various vitamin D metabolites. Hormones 19, 97–107 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42000-020-00188-9

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