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Spatial and Temporal Analysis of Rain-NDVI Relationship in Lower and Middle Casamance from 1982 to 2019

  • SI:Earth Observation Information Application in the West African Sub-region
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Abstract

Contrary to claims of widespread irreversible degradation of vegetation and landscapes in West Africa, a recent increase in seasonal vegetation indices of Sahelian areas has been observed, which has been interpreted as a consequence of the rainfall recovery after the major droughts (1968–1994). This paper aims at revealing the climatic drivers of such greening in Casamance. A multi-scalar and multi-satellite remote sensing approach was implemented to study the temporal trends of vegetation activity and their relationships with rainfall in Lower and middle Casamance. The datasets used are the NOAA NDVI (GIMMS) from 1982 to 2015, the MODIS NDVI (MOD13Q1) from 2000 to 2019, and rainfall data from the Ziguinchor station from 1982 to 2017. These two NDVI time series were studied, on the one hand, with a classification method to discretize the different vegetations according to the rhythms and intensities of their vegetation activity throughout the year and, on the other hand, with Mann–Kendall’s correlation to reveal the trends. Almost three-quarters (72.5%) of the pixels show a significant positive trend (regreening) between 1982 and 2015. The simple correlation between NDVI and rainfall is very low (r2 = 0.17) but both lagged correlation (r2 = 0.86) and the correlation between NDVI and cumulated rainfall of longer periods (r2 = 0.75) are strong. In other terms, after 1998 stronger rainfall in July and August give stronger NDVI in October and November. While a rainfall positive trend since the 1980s appears to be the main causal factor for the increase in vegetation indices, negative trends were also locally observed that are not explained by the rainfall-vegetation relationship and thus hypothetically a human-induced change.

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Fig. 1

(Source: SOUMARE). Upper right: location of Casamance in West Africa. Left: Lower and Middle Casamance location

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Data Availability

The NDVI data used are from NOAA’s AVHRR (Advanced Very High-Resolution Radiometer) and MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) sensors available for download from NASA platforms.

Daily rainfall data are provided by the meteorological department of ANACIM (National Agency of Civil Aviation and Meteorology).

Data analysis and figures were generated using Idrisi TerrSet.

The datasets generated and analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on request.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratoire Des Sciences Et Techniques de L’Eau Et de L’Environnement (LaSTEE), Département du Génie Civil, Ecole Polytechnique de Thiès, BP A10, Thiès, Senegal

    Safiétou Soumare, Ababacar Fall & El Hadji Bamba Diaw

  2. Laboratoire d’étude Des Structures, Des Processus d’adaptation Et Des Changements d’espace (ESPACE), Université Côte d´Azur, 98 Boulevard Herriot, 06205, Nice Cedex, France

    Safiétou Soumare & Julien Andrieu

  3. UMR PALOC IRD, Museum National d’Histoire Naturelle, MNHN/Sorbonne Université, 75231, Paris, France

    Luc Descroix

  4. LMI PATEO, UGB, 46024, St Louis, Senegal

    Luc Descroix

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  1. Safiétou Soumare
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  2. Julien Andrieu
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Correspondence to Ababacar Fall.

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Soumare, S., Andrieu, J., Fall, A. et al. Spatial and Temporal Analysis of Rain-NDVI Relationship in Lower and Middle Casamance from 1982 to 2019. Remote Sens Earth Syst Sci 5, 246–262 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s41976-022-00078-1

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