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Ce/Sm co-doped hydroxyapatites: synthesis, characterization, and band structure calculation

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Abstract

In this paper, Ce/Sm co-doped hydroxyapatites (HAps) were synthesized by a wet chemical route. The amount of Ce was kept at constant at the value of at.% 0.4, and the second dopant of Sm was used at different amounts of at.% 0, 0.6, 1.2, and 1.8, respectively. The effects of these co-dopants on the crystal structure, morphology, and thermal properties of HAp were determined experimentally using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential thermal analysis (DTA), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Furthermore, the band structure of the prepared samples was modeled theoretically using the quantum calculations of the density of states and band structure. A gradual increase from 26.56 to 36.23 nm in the crystallite size was observed. Although the amounts of the co-dopants of Ce and Sm did not affect the thermal stability and microstructure of HAp, its crystal structure-related parameters were affected by the amount of these co-additives. The partial substitution of both co-dopants was detected. The 0.4Ce-1.2Sm-HAp sample may be considered as the best crystal structure with a steady-state. It was seen that the band structure and density of states were also affected by these co-dopants. The bandgap value decreased gradually from 4.6078 to 4.0477 eV due to these dopants.

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Funding

This work was supported by the Management Unit of Scientific Research Projects of Firat University (FÜBAP) (Project Number: FF.19.32) in Turkey. This study was derived from Gülay Vural’s MSc Thesis.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Firat University, 23119, Elazig, Turkey

    Omer Kaygili, Gülay Vural, Niyazi Bulut & Turan İnce

  2. Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Firat University, 23119, Elazig, Turkey

    Serhat Keser & Mehmet Mursit Temuz

  3. Nanoscience Laboratory for Environmental and Bio-medical Applications (NLEBA), Semiconductor Lab., Metallurgical Lab.1. Department of Physics, Faculty of Education, Ain Shams University, Roxy, Cairo, 11757, Egypt

    I. S. Yahia

  4. Advanced Functional Materials & Optoelectronic Laboratory (AFMOL), Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha, Saudi Arabia

    I. S. Yahia

  5. Department of Engineering Basic Sciences, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Malatya Turgut Özal University, Battalgazi, Malatya, Turkey

    Tankut Ates

  6. Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts & Science, Inonu University, 44280, Malatya, Turkey

    Suleyman Koytepe

  7. College of Science, Basic and Applied Scientific Research Center, Nanomaterials Technology Unit, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, 31441, Saudi Arabia

    Filiz Ercan

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  1. Omer Kaygili
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Correspondence to Omer Kaygili.

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Kaygili, O., Vural, G., Keser, S. et al. Ce/Sm co-doped hydroxyapatites: synthesis, characterization, and band structure calculation. J Aust Ceram Soc 57, 305–317 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s41779-020-00533-6

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