Abstract
Magnesium diboride, MgB2, is known to be an important high-temperature superconductor material. High-energy ball milling with subsequent low-temperature sintering remains an attractive solid-state method for its synthesis. One main optimization parameter of this method is to ensure a balance between cold welding and fracturing at the milling stages. Therefore, in many cases, the use of a process control agent at the milling stage is considered to be the preferred solution in the prevention of particle size enlargement. The aim of this paper is to determine the effect of dry and toluene-assisted milling on the magnetic and surface topology properties of obtained MgB2. The calculated critical current density of 2.89 × 105 A/cm2 at 10 K 0.3 T for a toluene-assisted sample, compared with the 2.37 × 105 A/cm2 for a dry-milled sample as well as the relatively higher mean surface roughness, clearly indicated a notable positive contribution of surfactant use on the true alloying of MgB2 by mechanical activation.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Roque, A., Sousa, D.M., Fernão Pires, V., Margato, E.: Superconductivity and their Applications, Proceedings of the International Conference on Renewable Energies and Power Quality (ICREPQ’17) Malaga (Spain) (2017)
Duzer, T.V.: Superconductor electronics and power applications. Proc. IEEE. 100, 2993–2995 (2012)
Nagamatsu, J., Nakagawa, N., Muranaka, T., Zenitani, Y., Akimitsu, J.: Nature. 410(6824), 63–64 (2001)
Prinkhna T A: 2009 Properties of MgB2 bulk, https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/0912/0912.4906.pdf (2009)
Dou, S.X., Horvat, J., Soltanian, S., Wang, X.L., Qin, M.J., Zhou, S.H., Liu, H.K., Munroe, P.G.: Transport critical current density in Fe-sheathed nano-SiC doped MgB2 wires. IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. 13, 3199–3202 (2003)
Kumakura, H., Kitaguchi, H., Matsumoto, A., Hatakeyama, H.: Upper critical fields of powder-in-tube-processed MgB2 /FeMgB2/Fe tape conductors. Appl. Phys. Lett. 84, 3669 (2004)
Sumption, M.D., Bhatia, M., Rindfleisch, M., Tomsic, M., Soltanian, S., Dou, S.X., Collings, E.W.: Large upper critical field and irreversibility field in MgB2 wires with SiC additions. Appl. Phys. Lett. 86, 092507 (2005)
Matsumoto, A., Kumakura, H., Kitaguchi, H., Senkowicz, B.J., Jewell, M.C., Hellstrom, E.E., Zhu, Y., Voyles, P.M., Larbalestier, D.C.: Evaluation of connectivity, flux pinning, and upper critical field contributions to the critical current density of bulk pure and SiC-alloyed MgB2. Appl. Phys. Lett. 89, 132508 (2006)
Paranthaman, J.R., Thompson, D., Christen, K.: Effect of carbon-doping in bulk superconducting MgB2 sample. Physica C. 355, 1 (2001)
Wilke, R.H.T., Budko, S.L., Canfield, P.C., FinnemoreI, D.K., Suplinskas, R.J., Hannahs, S.T.: Systematic effects of carbon doping on the superconducting properties of Mg(B1-x Cx)2. Phys. Rev. Lett. 92, 217003 (2004)
Yan, S.C., Zhou, L., Yan, G., Yang, Q.W., Lu, Y.F.: Effect of carbon doping on the formation and stability of MgB2 phase. J. Alloys Compd. 459, 452 (2008)
Kim, J.H., Yeoh, W.K., Xu, X., Dou, S.X., Munroe, P., Rindfleisch, M., Tomsic, M.: Superconductivity of MgB2 with embedded multiwall carbon nanotube. Physica C. 449, 133–138 (2006)
Kumar, S., Kumar, N., Das, S., Bernhard, C., Varma, G.D.: Effect of graphene oxide doping on superconducting properties of bulk MgB2. Supercond Sci Tech. 26(9), 095008 (2013)
Lee, J.H., Shin, S.Y., Kim, C.J., Park, H.W.: Superconducting properties of MgB2 prepared from attrition ball-milled boron powder. J. Alloys Compd. 476, 919–924 (2009)
Gumbel, A., Eckert, J., Fuchs, G., Nenkov, K., Muller, K.H., Schultz, L.: Improved superconducting properties in nanocrystalline bulk MgB2. Appl. Phys. Lett. 80, 2725 (2002)
Gumbel, A., Perner, O., Eckert, J., Fuchs, G., Nenkov, K., Muller, K.H., Schultz, L.: High density nanocrystalline MgB2 bulk superconductors with improved pinning, IEEE Trans Appl Supercond 133064 (2003)
Whaßler, C.R., Fischer, C., Holzapfel, B., Perner, O., Eckert, J., Nenkov, K., Fuchs, G.: Low temperature preparation of MgB2 tapes using mechanically alloyed powder. Supercond. Sci. Technol. 16, 281–284 (2003)
Whaßler, C.R., Birajdar, B., Gruner, W., Herrmann, M., Perner, O., Rodig, C., Schubert, M., Holzapfel, B., Eibl, O., Schultz, L.: MgB2 bulk and tapes prepared by mechanical alloying: influence of the boron precursor powder. Supercond. Sci. Technol. 19, 512–520 (2006)
Perner, O., Eckert, J., Haßler, W., Fischer, C., Muller, K.H., Fuchs, G., Holzapfel, B., Schultz, L.: Microstructure and impurity dependence in mechanically alloy nanocrystalline MgB2 superconductors. Supercond. Sci. Technol. 17, 1148 (2004)
Wu, Y.F., Lu, Y.F., Li, J.S., Chen, S.K., Yan, G., Pu, M.H., Li, C.S., Zhang, P.X.: The microstructures and superconducting properties of MgB2 bulks prepared by a high-energy milling method. Physica C. 467, 38–42 (2007)
Suryanarayana, C.: Recent developments in mechanical alloying. Rev. Adv. Mater. Sci. 203–211 (2008)
Balaz, P., Godocikova, E., Krilova, L., Lobotk, P., Gock, E.: Preparation of nanocrystalline materials by high-energy milling. Mater. Sci. Eng. A. 386, 442–446 (2004)
Kurama, H., Erkus, S., Gasan, H.: The effect of process control agent usage on the structural properties of MgB2 synthesized by high energy ball mill. Ceram. Int. 43, S391–S396 S395 (2017)
Bean, C.P.: Magnetization of hard superconductors. Phys. Rev. Lett. 8, 250–253 (1962). https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.8.250
Rogado, N., Hayward, M.A., Regan, K.A., Wang, Y., Ong, N.P., Zandbergen, H.W., Rowell, J.M., Cava, R.J.: Low temperature synthesis of MgB2. J. Appl. Phys. 91, 274–277 (2002)
Shi, Q.Z., Liu, Y.C., Zhao, Q., Ma, Z.Q.: Phase formation process of bulk MgB2 analyzed by differential thermal analysis during sintering. J. Alloys Compd. 458, 553–557 (2008)
Ma, Z., Liu, Y.: The varied kinetics mechanisms in the synthesis of MgB2 from elemental powders by low-temperature sintering. Mater. Chem. Phys. 126, 114–117 (2011)
Xu, X., Kim, J.H., Yeoh, W.K., Zhang, Y., Dou, S.X.: Improved Jc of MgB2 superconductor by ball milling using different media. Supercond. Sci. Technol. 19, L47–L50 (2006)
Chadzynski, G.W., Staszczuk, P., Sternik, D., Błachnio, M.: Studies of physico-chemical properties and fractal dimensions of MgB2 superconductor surface. J. Therm. Anal. Calorim. 108, 985–989 (2012)
Lindstrom, M., Wetton, B., Kiefl, R.F.: Mathematical modeling of the effect of surface roughness on magnetic field profiles in type II superconductors. J. Eng. Math. 85, 149–177 (2014)
Lindstrom, M., Fang, A.C.Y., Kiefl, R.F.: Effect of surface roughness on the magnetic field profile in the Meissner state of a superconductor. J. Supercond. Nov. Magn. 29, 1499–1507 (2016)
Funding
This study is financially supported by ESOGU-BAP 2013-235 and is hereby acknowledged.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Publisher’s note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Kurama, H., Erkuş, S. The effect of milling conditions on the magnetic and topological properties of MgB2 synthesized by high-energy ball mill and sintered at low temperature. J Aust Ceram Soc 56, 559–566 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s41779-019-00365-z
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s41779-019-00365-z