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Invasion Intensity Modulates the Allelopathic Impact of Solidago canadensis L. Leaves and Roots Against Lactuca sativa L. During Germination and Early Seedling Stage

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Abstract

The allelopathic potential of invasive plant species (IPS) is critical to their successful invasion. The allelopathic potential of IPS is mediated by allelochemicals synthesized in the above-ground part (mainly leaf residues) and the below-ground part (mainly root secretions). However, the progress in the combined above-ground and below-ground allelopathic potential of IPS with different invasion intensities is limited. This study aims to estimate the combined above-ground and below-ground allelopathic potential of the notorious IPS Solidago canadensis L. with different invasion intensities (i.e., light invasion and heavy invasion) against Lactuca sativa L. during germination and early seedling stage. The allelopathic potential of S. canadensis extracts, particularly leaf extract, is dependent on extract concentration and also on the invasion intensity of the plant. While the above-ground allelopathic potential of S. canadensis on L. sativa was marked, the below-ground allelopathic potential was almost non-significant; and the differential impact of the two organs was evident, particularly on seed germination. Furthermore, the combined above-ground and below-ground allelopathic potential of S. canadensis may be greater than that of either part alone. Therefore, seed germination was more affected than the subsequent seedling growth by the above-ground extract of S. canadensis in a concentration and invasion intensity-dependent pattern.

Hightlights

  • Allelopathic potential of S. canadensis extracts against lettuce germination is concentration-dependent.

  • Aallelopathic potential of S. canadensis increases with the increasing invasion intensity.

  • Above-ground allelopathic potential of S. canadensis is greater than below-ground allelopathic potential.

  • Above-ground and below-ground parts of S. canadensis pose synergistic allelopathic potential.

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Acknowledgements

We are very grateful to the anonymous reviewer for the insightful and constructive comments that greatly improved this manuscript.

Funding

This study was funded by the Opening Project of State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, China (Grant no.: K2020205), Key Research and Development Program of Changzhou, China (Grant no.: CJ20200013), and Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment (no grant number).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China

    Youli Yu, Huiyuan Cheng, Zhelun Xu, Shanshan Zhong & Congyan Wang

  2. State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China

    Congyan Wang

  3. Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, China

    Congyan Wang

  4. College of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China

    Erhui Guo

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  1. Youli Yu
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Correspondence to Congyan Wang or Erhui Guo.

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Yu, Y., Cheng, H., Xu, Z. et al. Invasion Intensity Modulates the Allelopathic Impact of Solidago canadensis L. Leaves and Roots Against Lactuca sativa L. During Germination and Early Seedling Stage. Int J Environ Res 16, 48 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s41742-022-00428-3

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