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Peptide-Based Electrochemical Biosensors and Their Applications in Disease Detection

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Abstract

Biosensors based on small molecule peptides have developed rapidly in the detection of disease markers with the characteristics of high sensitivity, rapid analysis speed and easy miniaturization. The properties of the sensor, such as the sensitivity and detection range, are closely related to the material and structure of the electrodes. The electrodes mainly used in peptide-based biosensors are gold electrodes, glassy carbon electrodes (GCE), indium tin oxide (ITO) conductive glass electrodes and screen-printed electrodes. In addition, to improve the biomolecule loading rate, antifouling performance, electrical conductivity of the biosensor, a variety of nanomaterials and organic molecules are used to construct the biosensor for disease detection. This review summarizes the properties of several commonly used electrodes for peptide-based electrochemical biosensors, and introduces some modified materials of the electrode and their effects on sensor performance. In the future, the peptide-based biosensors will be widely used in clinical detection and other related fields.

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Fig. 1
Fig. 2

Copyright 2022 Elsevier. b The biosensor for TnI detection. Reprinted with permission Ref. [33] Copyright 2019 Elsevier

Fig. 3

Copyright 2021 American Chemical Society. b Electrochemical aptamer sensor for sensitive detection of PSA. Reprinted with permission Ref. [24] Copyright 2019 Elsevier. c Antifouling biosensor with designed peptide for APN and HepG2 cells detection. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [45] Copyright 2020 American Chemical Society

Fig. 4

Copyright 2019 American Chemical Society. b The biosensor for early apoptotic cells detection. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [53] Copyright 2018 American Chemical Society

Fig. 5

Copyright 2021 Elsevier. b Biosensor for the detection of CEA and PSA. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [67] Copyright 2018 American Chemical Society

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Acknowledgements

The authors are grateful for financial support from National Natural Science Foundation of China (22074006), Beijing Natural Science Foundation (2222029), National Key R&D Program of China (2018YFE0205400) and Beijing Institute of Technology Research Fund Program for Young Scholars. We thank Analysis & Testing Center, Beijing Institute of Technology for their kind help.

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  1. Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electro-Photonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China

    Jin-Ge Zhao, Jie Cao & Wei-Zhi Wang

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  1. Jin-Ge Zhao
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Correspondence to Jie Cao or Wei-Zhi Wang.

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Zhao, JG., Cao, J. & Wang, WZ. Peptide-Based Electrochemical Biosensors and Their Applications in Disease Detection. J. Anal. Test. 6, 193–203 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s41664-022-00226-y

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