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Design of S-band photoinjector with high bunch charge and low emittance based on multi-objective genetic algorithm

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Abstract

High-brightness electron beams are required to drive LINAC-based free-electron lasers (FELs) and storage-ring-based synchrotron radiation light sources. The bunch charge and RMS bunch length at the exit of the LINAC play a crucial role in the peak current; the minimum transverse emittance is mainly determined by the injector of the LINAC. Thus, a photoinjector with a high bunch charge and low emittance that can simultaneously provide high-quality beams for 4th generation synchrotron radiation sources and FELs is desirable. The design of a 1.6-cell S-band 2998-MHz RF gun and beam dynamics optimization of a relevant beamline are presented in this paper. Beam dynamics simulations were performed by combining ASTRA and the multi-objective genetic algorithm NSGA II. The effects of the laser pulse shape, half-cell length of the RF gun, and RF parameters on the output beam quality were analyzed and compared. The normalized transverse emittance was optimized to be as low as 0.65 and 0.92 mm·mrad when the bunch charge was as high as 1 and 2 nC, respectively. Finally, the beam stability properties of the photoinjector, considering misalignment and RF jitter, were simulated and analyzed.

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Data availability

The data that support the findings of this study are openly available in Science Data Bank at https://www.doi.org/10.57760/sciencedb.j00186.00023 and http://resolve.pid21.cn/31253.11.sciencedb.j00186.00023.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China

    Ze-Yi Dai, Yuan-Cun Nie, Zi Hui, Lan-Xin Liu, Zi-Shuo Liu, Jian-Hua Zhong, Jia-Bao Guan, Ji-Ke Wang, Yuan Chen, Ye Zou, Hao-Hu Li & Jian-Hua He

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Contributions

All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data collection and analysis were performed by Ze-Yi Dai, Yuan-Cun Nie, Zi Hui, Lan-Xin Liu, and Zi-Shuo Liu. The first draft of the manuscript was written by Ze-Yi Dai and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Yuan-Cun Nie or Jian-Hua He.

Additional information

This work was supported by the Science and Technology Major Project of Hubei Province, China (No. 2021AFB001).

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Dai, ZY., Nie, YC., Hui, Z. et al. Design of S-band photoinjector with high bunch charge and low emittance based on multi-objective genetic algorithm. NUCL SCI TECH 34, 41 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s41365-023-01183-6

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