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Non-extensive statistical distributions of charmed meson production in Pb–Pb and pp(\(\overline{\text {p}}\)) collisions

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Abstract

The mid-rapidity transverse momentum spectra of charmed mesons in Pb–Pb and pp(\(\overline{\text {p}}\)) collisions are analyzed using the Tsallis–Pareto distribution derived from non-extensive statistics. We provide uniform descriptions of both small and large systems over a wide range of collision energies and hadron transverse momenta. By establishing the relationship between the event multiplicity and Tsallis parameters, we observe that there is a significant linear relationship between the thermal temperature and Tsallis q parameter in Pb–Pb collisions at \(\sqrt{s_\text {NN}}\) = 2.76 TeV and 5.02 TeV. Further, the slope of the T–(\(q-1\)) parameter plot is positively correlated with the hadron mass. In addition, charmed mesons have a higher thermal temperature than light hadrons at the same \(q-1\), indicating that the charm flavor requires a higher temperature to reach the same degree of non-extensivity as light flavors in heavy-ion collisions. The same fit is applied to the transverse momentum spectra of charmed mesons in pp(\(\overline{\text {p}}\)) collisions over a large energy range using the Tsallis–Pareto distribution. It is found that the thermal temperature increases with system energy, whereas the q parameter becomes saturated at the pp(\(\overline{\text {p}}\)) limit, \(q-1\) = 0.142 ± 0.010. In addition, the results of most peripheral Pb–Pb collisions are found to approach the pp(\(\overline{\text {p}}\)) limit, which suggests that more peripheral heavy-ion collisions are less affected by the medium and more similar to pp(\(\overline{\text {p}}\)) collisions.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China

    Yuan Su, Yong-Jie Sun, Yi-Fei Zhang & Xiao-Long Chen

  2. Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China

    Yuan Su, Yong-Jie Sun, Yi-Fei Zhang & Xiao-Long Chen

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  1. Yuan Su
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Contributions

All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data collection, and analysis were performed by Yuan Su, Xiao-Long Chen, Yong-Jie Sun, and Yi-Fei Zhang. The first draft of the manuscript was written by Yuan Su and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Yi-Fei Zhang.

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This is supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Nos. 2018YFE0205200 and 2018YFE0104700), National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 11890712 and 12061141008), Strategic Priority Research Program of CAS (No. XDB34030000), and Anhui Provincial Natural Science Foundation (No. 1808085J02).

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Su, Y., Sun, YJ., Zhang, YF. et al. Non-extensive statistical distributions of charmed meson production in Pb–Pb and pp(\(\overline{\text {p}}\)) collisions. NUCL SCI TECH 32, 108 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s41365-021-00945-4

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