Abstract
A Compton camera prototype has been developed using a pixelated CZT detector with 4-by-4 pixels. Signals of the detector are read out by a VASTAT ASIC that is controlled by a self-developed DAQ board. The DAQ software is developed using LabVIEW, and the offline Compton imaging codes are written in C++. The prototype has been successfully calibrated, and its capabilities for source detection, spectroscopy, and Compton imaging have been demonstrated using a Cs-137 source. The angular resolution of the 662 keV line is 36° FWHM for the simple back-projection method and 9.6° FWHM for the MLEM reconstruction method. The system is ready to be extended to 11-by-11 pixels in the future, and a better imaging quality can be expected due to the better relative position resolution.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
G. Zentai, X-ray imaging for homeland security. Int. J. Signal Imaging Syst. Eng. 3(1), 13–20 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1504/IJSISE.2010.034628
A. Zoglauer, M. Galloway, M. Amman, et al., First results of the high efficiency multi-mode imager (HEMI), in 2009 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record (NSS/MIC). IEEE (2009), pp. 887–891. https://doi.org/10.1109/nssmic.2009.5402475
S.I. Takeda, A. Harayama, Y. Ichinohe et al., A portable Si/CdTe Compton camera and its applications to the visualization of radioactive substances. Nucl. Instrum. Meth. A 787, 207–211 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2014.11.119
C.G. Wahl, W.R. Kaye, W. Wang et al., The Polaris-H imaging spectrometer. Nucl. Instrum. Meth. A 784, 377–381 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2014.12.110
Z. He, W. Li, G.F. Knoll et al., 3-D position sensitive CdZnTe gamma-ray spectrometers. Nucl. Instrum. Meth. A 422(1–3), 173–178 (1999). https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-9002(98)00950-4
L. Mihailescu, K.M. Vetter et al., SPEIR: a Ge Compton camera. Nucl. Instrum. Meth. A 570(1), 89–100 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2006.09.111
D. Xu, et al., 4-pi Compton imaging with single 3D position sensitive CdZnTe detector. Proc. SPIE. (2004). https://doi.org/10.1117/12.563905
G.F. Knoll, Radiation Detection and Measurement, 3rd edn. (Wiley, Hoboken, 2000), p. 802
Y. Li et al., Design and construction of a TPC prototype based on GEM detector readout. Chin. Phys. C 32(1), 52 (2008)
B. Plimley, C. Daniel, C. Amy et al., Reconstruction of electron trajectories in high-resolution Si devices for advanced Compton imaging. Nucl. Instrum. Meth. A. 652(1), 595–598 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2011.01.133
L. Swiderski et al., Measurement of Compton edge position in low-Z scintillators. Radiat. Meas. 45(3), 605–607 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radmeas.2009.10.015
C. Lehner, 4-pi Compton imaging using a single 3-d position sensitive CdZnTe detector. Dissertation, University of Michigan (2004)
J.H. Hubbell et al., Atomic form factors, incoherent scattering functions, and photon scattering cross sections. J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data 4(3), 471–538 (1975). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.555523
J.M. Jaworski, Compton Imaging Algorithms for Position-Sensitive Gamma-Ray Detectors in the Presence of Motion. Dissertation, University of Michigan (2013)
C.L. Parra, C. Lucas, Reconstruction of cone-beam projections from Compton scattered data. IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. 47(4), 1543–1550 (2000). https://doi.org/10.1109/23.873014
L.A. Shepp, V. Yehuda, Maximum likelihood reconstruction for emission tomography. IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging 1(2), 113–122 (1982). https://doi.org/10.1109/TMI.1982.4307558
H.H. Barrett, W. Timothy, L.C. Parra, List-mode likelihood. JOSA A 14(11), 2914–2923 (1997). https://doi.org/10.1364/JOSAA.14.002914
XCOM: Photon cross sections database. https://physics.nist.gov/PhysRefData/Xcom/html/xcom1.html
F. Zhang et al., 3-D position sensitive CdZnTe spectrometer performance using third generation VAS/TAT readout electronics. IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. 52(5), 2009–2016 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1109/TNS.2005.856821
ROOT Data Analysis Framework, https://root.cern.ch/
J. Fu, Y. Li, L. Zhang et al., A novel CZT detector using strengthened electric field line anode. Chin. Phys. C 38(12), 126003 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1088/1674-1137/38/12/126003
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Liu, YL., Fu, JQ., Li, YL. et al. Preliminary results of a Compton camera based on a single 3D position-sensitive CZT detector. NUCL SCI TECH 29, 145 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s41365-018-0483-0
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s41365-018-0483-0