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Seed-borne diseases in pasture grasses and legumes: state of the art and gaps in knowledge

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Abstract

Information on fungal seed-borne diseases on main pasture grasses and legumes from the literature was reviewed. These diseases reduce biomass production, quality of forage, and persistence due to progressive plant mortality. The main fungal pathogens associated with forage seeds belong to the orders Hypocreales, Pleosporales, and Helotiales in the phylum Ascomycota. Hypocreales includes the genus Fusarium, which reduces seedling establishment, and contaminates plant tissues with mycotoxins. Pleosporales includes many genera associated with seeds of legumes (Leptosphaerulina and Ascochyta), grasses (Bipolaris, Pyrenophora, Curvularia, Drechslera, Alternaria, Exserohilum, and Phoma), and both (Stemphylium). Some fungal genera within this order induce the accumulation of coumestans (leafspot-producing fungi) or produce secondary metabolites that contaminate tissues (Alternaria). Within Helotiales, the main genera are Sclerotinia (affecting mainly legumes), Clarireedia and Gloeotinia (affecting grasses). Pyricularia (order Magnaporthales), Colletotrichum (order Glomerellales), and Cercospora (order Mycosphaerellales) also include seed-borne fungi that provoke diseases on forage species as well as Rhizoctonia (order Cantharellales) and Ustilago (order Ustilaginales) which belong to the phylum Basidiomycota. These pathogens affect pastures by (i) compromising seedling establishment at early stages and (ii) constraining growth by reducing yield and seed quality at later stages. Future research should address (i) generation of reliable data on forage yield loss due to seed-borne diseases, (ii) assessment of the interaction between seed-borne pathogens and other biotic and/or abiotic stresses, (iii) delve into the study of the role of wild and/or cultivated forage species as inoculum reservoirs of pathogens, and (vi) shed light on the contamination issue due to mycotoxins generation.

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Acknowledgements

We thank the Illustration Designer Lucía Pérez Pizá who assisted us in the development of figures.

Funding

This work was supported by grants from Universidad del Salvador (80020210100015US).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Veterinarias, Escuela de Agronomía, Universidad Del Salvador, Champagnat 1599, Pilar 1630, Buenos Aires, Argentina

    María Cecilia Pérez-Pizá

  2. Facultad de Agronomía, IFEVA, Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Av. San Martín 4453 - C1417DSE, Buenos Aires, Argentina

    Gustavo G. Striker

  3. Facultad de Agronomía, Departamento Biología Aplicada y Alimentos, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Cátedra de Fisiología Vegetal, Buenos Aires, Argentina

    Gustavo G. Striker

  4. School of Agriculture and Environment, Faculty of Science, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Hwy, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia

    Gustavo G. Striker

  5. Laboratorio de Biología Funcional y Biotecnología (BIOLAB)-INBIOTEC-CONICET, Facultad de Agronomía, UNCPBA-CICBA, UNCPBA, Azul, Buenos Aires, Argentina

    Sebastián A. Stenglein

  6. Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, BIOLAB, Azul, Argentina

    Sebastián A. Stenglein

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MCPP gathered the data and organized the literature. MCPP, GGS, and SS devised the review and wrote the manuscript. All the authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Pérez-Pizá, M.C., Striker, G.G. & Stenglein, S.A. Seed-borne diseases in pasture grasses and legumes: state of the art and gaps in knowledge. J Plant Dis Prot 130, 225–244 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s41348-022-00703-7

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