Abstract
In this study, a multi-biomarker approach is applied to evaluate the biological responses of the black sea urchin Arbacia lixula along the west coast of Algeria. Sea urchins were sampled from six different Algerian West coast sites during two periods (February and August 2018). A series of biomarkers were monitored in the gonads: a glutathione-s-transferase enzyme involved in the phase II biotransformation process, Acetylcholinesterase as a biomarker of neurotoxicity, malondialdehydes as a biomarker of oxidative stress damage, metallothionein, a specific biomarker of metal stress, and Catalase as a biomarker of general stress. The data shows a significant effect of the period factor on the biomarker’s responses of A. lixula. The cold period seems to have a more marked influence on the variation of biomarkers, such as acetylcholinesterase inhibition, increased glutathione-s-transferase and catalase activity, and significantly elevated levels of metallothionein in contrast to malondialdehyde, whose levels are elevated in the hot period. Biomarker responses differed between sites depending on the degree of disturbance. Using the multi-biomarker pollution index allowed us to specify the state of health of each site, respecting a gradient of five pollution levels. The results indicate that site S4 is considered the most polluted, while site S3, the presumed reference site, appears to be the cleanest. The gonads of this species can be considered a reliable indicator of environmental stress and capable of establishing an integrated diagnosis of the state of the coastal ecosystem.
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Data Availability
The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
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We thank all other Agrobiodiversity and Ecotoxicology Laboratory LR21AGR02 and the Ecosystem Biodiversity and Pollution Laboratory members for their helpful contributions and the stimulating work environment.
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All authors take public responsibility for the content of the work submitted for review. The authors confirm their contribution to the paper as follows: Conception and design: Youcef Belmahi, Wyllia Khati, Farid Derbal. Supervision: Wyllia Khati, Farid Derbal. Samples collection and data: Youcef Belmahi, Alae Eddine Belmahi, Mouloud Benabdi. Biochemical analysis: Omayma Missawi, Nesrine Zitouni, Youcef Belmahi. Data analysis and interpretation: Youcef Belmahi, Alae Eddine Belmahi, Mouloud Benabdi, Omar Rouane-Hacene. Writer: Youcef Belmahi, Alae Eddine Belmahi, Critical review: Wyllia Khati, Farid Derbal, Omar Rouane-Hacene, Mohamed Banni. The authors contributed equally to the design of the experimental protocol, analyzing data, writing and approving the final draft of the paper. They approve the submission of the paper in its present form and declare that they have no competing interests, and confirm that all the research meets the ethical guidelines.
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Belmahi, Y., Khati, W., Derbal, F. et al. Multi-marker Approach in the Black Sea Urchin Arbacia lixula (Linnaeus, 1758) from Algerian West Coast. Thalassas 39, 697–713 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s41208-023-00544-7
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s41208-023-00544-7