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The relationship between sleep duration, sleep quality and dietary intake in adults

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Abstract

To determine the relationship of specific macro- and micro-nutrients and food groups with sleep duration and sleep quality in adults. This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on 2446 adults aged between 20 and 64 years in Turkey. The participants’ socio-demographic characteristics, anthropometric measurements, and dietary intake (24-h recall) were taken. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index was used to assess sleep quality. In the study, 48.9% of the participants were male and 51.1% were female, with an average age of 38.7 ± 12.70 years. Total protein, meat, and processed meat product consumption rates of long sleepers were found to be lower than those of normal sleepers (p < 0.05). Saturated fat intake of short sleepers was higher than that of long sleepers (p < 0.018). Participants with good sleep quality were found to consume higher carbohydrate, fiber, beta-carotene, vitamin E, thiamine, vitamin B6, total folate, vitamin C, calcium, magnesium, potassium, and iron compared to those with poor sleep quality (p < 0.05). When examined in terms of food groups, fruit consumption was higher in individuals with good sleep quality compared to those with poor sleep quality (p < 0.05). In this study, some macro- and micro-nutrients of the diet were found correlated with sleep duration and quality. Mechanisms mediating the relationship between sleep duration and dietary intake are multi-factorial. Because of the differences in appetite-related hormones, such as leptin and ghrelin, and hedonic factors, future studies will benefit from assessing sleep duration/quality and dietary intake.

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Acknowledgements

We would like to thank all the participants in the trial for their enthusiastic and maintained collaboration.

Funding

This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the industry, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Science, Kırıkkale University, Kırıkkale, Turkey

    Biriz Çakir, Fatma Nişancı Kılınç, Çiler Özenir & Emine Merve Ekici

  2. Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Science, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey

    Gizem Özata Uyar

  3. Department of Bioistatistics, Faculty of Medicine, Kastamonu University, Kastamonu, Turkey

    Eda Karaismailoğlu

Authors
  1. Biriz Çakir
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  2. Fatma Nişancı Kılınç
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  3. Gizem Özata Uyar
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  4. Çiler Özenir
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  5. Emine Merve Ekici
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  6. Eda Karaismailoğlu
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Correspondence to Gizem Özata Uyar.

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Çakir, B., Nişancı Kılınç, F., Özata Uyar, G. et al. The relationship between sleep duration, sleep quality and dietary intake in adults. Sleep Biol. Rhythms 18, 49–57 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s41105-019-00244-x

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s41105-019-00244-x

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