Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Removal of Rhodamine B Using Three Adsorbents: Isothermal, Kinetic, and ANN Modeling Studies

  • Research
  • Published:
Water Conservation Science and Engineering Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Adsorption efficiency of three adsorbents in the removal of Rhodamine B from aqueous solutions and industrial effluent is presented herewith. Carbonized groundnut seed cake powder, sesame seed cake powder, and coconut cake powder were used as adsorbents. Batch adsorptive removal of the dye was optimized at pH 7 with groundnut seed cake powder and sesame seed cake powder and at pH 2 with coconut cake powder. Adsorbent dosage of 0.27 g,0.25 g, and 0.26 g was found to be optimum with groundnut seed cake powder, sesame seed cake powder, and coconut cake powder, respectively. With all the three adsorbents, a contact time of 150 min, the temperature of 50 °C, and an initial dye concentration of 10 mg L−1 were optimized, respectively. Using the three adsorbents, 99.7% removal of the dye was observed. Isothermal studies indicated that the Langmuir isotherm model is suited for the present work. The results of the kinetic studies showed that the process followed pseudo-second order. Prediction of adsorption efficiency of the three chosen adsorbents has been carried out by using artificial neural networks (MATLAB 2013A). Back propagation and L-M algorithm were used for modeling optimization parameters, and the three adsorbents were given as inputs to run the network. The results obtained were compared with the experimental results and found to have a relative error of 0.2%.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5

Similar content being viewed by others

Data availability

Not applicable

References

  1. Xiaojun T, Shuang W, Li Z (2020) Ultrasound assisted bottom-up synthesis of Ni graphene hybrid composites and their excellent Rhodamine B removal properties. J Environ Manage 255:109834

    Google Scholar 

  2. MA AL-T, Al-Qadi ZS (2016) Preparation and utilization of corncob activated carbon for dyes removal from aqueous solution batch and continuous study. Babylon univ eng scis J 24(3):700–712

    Google Scholar 

  3. Ptaszkowska-Koniarz M, Goscianska J, Pietrzak R (2018) Removal of rhodamine B from water by modified carbon xerogels. Colloids Surf, A 543:109–117

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Karami M, Sharafi K, Asadi A, Bagheri A, Yosefvand F, Charganeh SS et al (2016) Degradation of reactive red 198 (RR198) from aqueous solutions by advanced oxidation processes (AOPS): O3, H2O2/O3 and H2O2/ultrasonic. Bulgarian Chemical Communications 48(Specia):43–49

    Google Scholar 

  5. Selvakumar A, Rangabhashiyam S (2019) Biosorption of Rhodamine B onto novel biosorbents from Kappaphycus alvarezii,Gracilaria salicornia and Gracilaria edulis. Environ Pollut 255:113291

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Khudhair A, Al-Rudaini J (2017) Adsorption removal of Rhodamine-B dye from aqueous solution using rhamnus stone as low cost adsorbent. Al Nahrain journal of Science 20(1):32–41

    Google Scholar 

  7. Postai DL, Demarchi CA, Zanatta F, Melo DCC, Rodrigues CA (2016) Adsorption of rhodamine B and methylene blue dyes using waste of seeds of Aleurites Moluccana, a low cost adsorbent. Alex Eng J 55:1713–1723

    Google Scholar 

  8. Bello OS, Adegoke KA, Sarumi OO, Lameed OS (2019) Functionalized locust bean pod (Parkia biglobosa) activated carbon for Rhodamine B dye removal. Heliyon 5:e02323

    Google Scholar 

  9. Zhao Y, Lin Z, Liu J (2019) Insights into enhanced adsorptive removal of Rhodamine B by different chemically modified garlic peels: comparison, kinetics, isotherms, thermodynamics and mechanism. J Mol Liq 293:111516

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Rahdar S, Rahdar A, Zafar MN, Shafqat SS, Ahmadi S (2019) Synthesis and characterization of MgO supported Fe–Co–Mn nanoparticles with exceptionally high adsorption capacity for Rhodamine B dye. J Mater Res Technol 8(5):3800–3810

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Hou Y, Huang G, Li J, Yang Q, Haung S, Cai J (2019) Hydrothermal conversion of bamboo shoot shell to biochar: preliminary studies of adsorption equilibrium and kinetics for rhodamine B removal. J Analy Appl Proly 143:104694

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Han R, Zhang Y, Xie Y (2019) Application of Mn3O4 nanowires in the dye waste water treatment at room temperature. Sep Purif Technol 234:116119

    Google Scholar 

  13. Huang C, Wang Y, Gong M (2020) α-MnO2/Palygorskite composite as an effective catalyst for heterogeneous activation of peroxymonosulfate (PMS) for the degradation of Rhodamine B. Separation and purification Tehcnology 230:11587

    Google Scholar 

  14. Krishna SK, Siva Prakash S (2015) Removal of dyes by using various adsorbents: a review. Int Journal Apl Chem:195–202

  15. Laysandra L, Sari MW, Soetaredjo FE, Foe K, Putro JN, Kurniawan A, Ju YH, Ismadji S et al (2017) Adsorption and photocatalytic performance of bentonite-titanium dioxide composites for methylene blue and rhodamine B decoloration. Heliyon 3(12):e00488

    Google Scholar 

  16. El-Sayed GO, Yehia MM, Asaad AA (2014) Assessment of activated carbon prepared from corncob by chemical activation with phosphoric acid. Water Resources and Industry 7:66–75

    Google Scholar 

  17. Lopes GK, Zanella HG, Spessato L, Ronix A, Viero P, Fonseca JM et al (2021) Steam-activated carbon from malt bagasse: optimization of preparation conditions and adsorption studies of sunset yellow food dye. Arabian Journal of Chemistry 14:103001

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Pathania D, Sharma S, Singh P (2017) Removal of methylene blue by adsorption onto activated carbon developed from Ficus carica bast. Arab J Chem 10:S1445–S1451

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Rangabhashiyam S, Balasubramanian P (2018) Adsorption behaviors of hazardous methylene blue and hexavalent chromium on novel materials derived from Pterospermum acerifolium shells. J Mol Liq 254(1):433–445

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Kumar PS, Ramalingam S, Kirupha SD, Murugesan A, Vidhyadevi T, Sivanesan S (2011) Adsorption behavior of nickel (II) onto cashew nut shell: equilibrium, thermodynamics, kinetics, mechanism and process design. Chem Eng J 167(1):122–131

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Hossain M, Ngo HH, Guo W, Nguyen T (2012) Removal of copper from water by adsorption onto banana peel as bioadsorbent. Int J Geomate 2(2):227–234

    Google Scholar 

  22. Homagai PL, Ghimire KN, Inoue K (2010) Adsorption behavior of heavy metals onto chemically modified sugarcane bagasse. Bioresour Technol 101(6):2067–2069

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Zheng J, Zhao Q, Ye Z (2014) Preparation and characterization of activated carbon fiber (ACF) from cotton woven waste. Appl Surf Sci 299:86–91

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Malkoc E, Nuhoglu Y (2005) Investigations of nickel (II) removal from aqueous solutions using tea factory waste. J Hazard Mater 127(1–3):120–128

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Zhang Z, Lei Y, Li D, Zhao J, Wang Y, Zhou G et al (2020) Sudden heating of H3PO4-loaded coconut shell in CO2 flow to produce super activated carbon and its application for benzene adsorption. Renew Energy 153:1091–1099

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Siddiqui SH (2017) The removal of Cu 2+, Ni 2+ and methylene blue (MB) from aqueous solution using Luffa Actangula carbon: kinetics, thermodynamic and isotherm and response methodology. Groundwater for Sustainable Development

    Google Scholar 

  27. Al-Gheethi AA, Azhar QM, Kumar PS, Yusuf AA, Al-Buriahi AK, Mohamed RMSR, Al-shaibani MM (2022) Sustainable approaches for removing Rhodamine B dye using agricultural waste adsorbents: a review. Chemosphere 287:132080

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. GVSR PK, Malla K a, Bharath Y, Srinivasa Rao K (2020) Withdrawal of Mn(II) from aqueous solution using three low cost adsorbents. Journal of Indian Chemical Society 96:5

    Google Scholar 

  29. Pavan Kumar GVSR, Malla K a, Bharath Y, Srinivasa Rao K (2019) Removal of hexavalent chromium from aqueous solution suing three low cost adsorbents and ANN modeling. Journal of Indian Chemical Society 95:4

    Google Scholar 

  30. Pavan Kumar GVSR (2019) Sk Imran and Srinivasa Rao K, Utilization of three low cost adsorbents in their native as well as carbonized form in the removal of Co(II). Journal of Indian Chemical Society 96(3):399–405

    Google Scholar 

  31. Chandra Rao D, Ramadevi D, VaniP BK, Narasimha Raju CBV, Satyabalaji T (2021) Isothermal, kinetic and thermodynamic studies for the adsorptive removal of pregabalin from aqueous solution as well as industrial effluents. Chemical Science reviews and letters 10(39):410–417

    Google Scholar 

  32. Pavan Kumar GVSR, Malla K a, Bharath Y, Srinivasa Rao K (2019) Removal of Cu (II) using three low-cost adsorbents and prediction of adsorption using artificial neural networks. Applied water Science 9(3):1–9

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. MaryamK NG, Babak M, Mohsen R (2013) Removal of methylene blue from wastewater by adsorption onto ZnCl2 activated corn husk carbon equilibrium studies. J Chem 2013:383985

    Google Scholar 

  34. Cheng Z-L, Li Y-x, Liu Z (2017) Fabrication of graphene oxide/ silicalite-1 composites with hierarchical porous structure and investigation on their adsorption performance for rhodamine B. J Ind Eng Chem 55:234–243

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Mouni L, Belkhiri L, Bollinger J-C, Bouzaza A, Assadi A, Tirri A et al (2018) Removal of methylene blue from aqueous solutions by adsorption on Kaolin: kinetic and equilibrium studies. Appl Clay Sci 153:38–45

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Nethaji S, Sivasamy A, Mandal A (2013) Preparation and characterization of corn cob activated carbon coated with nano-sized magnetite particles for the removal of Cr (VI). Bioresour Technol 134:94–100

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Saigal ZM, Ahmed AM (2021) Separation of Rhodamine B dye from aqueous media using natural pomegranate peels. Indoes J Chem 21:212–214

    Google Scholar 

  38. Oyekanmi AA, Ahmed A, Hossain K, Rafatullah M (2019) Adsorption of Rhodamine B dye from aqueous solution onto acid treated banana peel: response surface methodology, kinetics and isotherm studies. PLOSONE 14:e0216878

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Wang S, Zhu ZH (2007) Effect of acidic treatment of activated carbons on dye adsorption. Dyes and Pigments 75:306–314

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Janos P, Buchtovca H, Ryznarova M (2003) Sorption of dyes from aqueous solutions on to fly ash. Water Res 37:4938–4944

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Namasivayam C, Radhika R, Subhas S (2001a) Uptake of dyes by promising locally available agricultural solid waste: coir pith. Waste Manag 21:381–387

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Jain R, Mathur M, Sikarwar S, Mittal A (2007) Removal of the hazardous dye Rhodamine B through photolytic and adsorption treatments. J Environ Manage 85:956–964

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Jain R, Mathur M, Sikarwar S, Mittal A (2007) Removal of the hazardous dye Rhodamine B through photocatalytic and adsorption treatments. J Environ Manage 85:956–964

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Namasivayam C, Muniswamy N, Gayatri K, Rani M, Ranganath K (1996) Removal of dyes from aqueous solutions by cellulosic waste orange peel. Bioresour Technol 57:37–43

    Google Scholar 

  45. Annadurai G, Juang R, Lee D (2002) Use of cellulose based wastes for adsorption of dyes from aqueous solutions. J Hazard Mater B92:263–274

    Google Scholar 

  46. Sarma J, Sarma A, Bhattacharya KG (2008) Biosorption of commercial dyes on Azadirachta indica leaf powder: a case study with a basic dye Rhodamine B. Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research 47:5433–5440

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Zhao Y, Yang H, Sun J, Zhang Y, Xia S (2021) Enhanced adsorption of Rhodamine B on modified oil-based drill cutting ash: characterization, adsorption kinetics, and adsorption isotherm. ACS Omega 6:17086–17094

    CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

The authors thank the management and principal of MVGR College of Engineering (A), Vizianagaram-535005 for the facilities provided and for their constant support and encouragement.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry, MVGR College of Engineering, Vizianagaram, Andhra Pradesh, India

    G.V.S.R. Pavan Kumar

  2. Department of Chemical Engineering, MVGR College of Engineering, Vizianagaram, Andhra Pradesh, India

    Y Bhupesh Pydiraju, G.V. Lokesh & U. V. Sai Likith

Authors
  1. G.V.S.R. Pavan Kumar
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Y Bhupesh Pydiraju
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. G.V. Lokesh
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. U. V. Sai Likith
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Contributions

1. GVSR Pavan Kumar: problem statement, idea, work plan, overall guidance manuscript preparation and submission

2. Y Bhupesh Pydiuraju: experimentations, interpretation of results, English language editing in the manuscript

3. G V Lokesh: experimentations, interpretation of results, plotting graphs

4. U V Sai Likith: experimentations, interpretation of results, isothermal and kinetic studies

Corresponding author

Correspondence to G.V.S.R. Pavan Kumar.

Ethics declarations

Ethical approval

Not applicable

Competing interests

Not applicable

Additional information

Publisher’s Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Highlights

• By-products from the edible oil industry were used as adsorbents in their carbonized form for the adsorptive removal of a cationic dye (Rhodamine B).

• Most of the adsorbents cited in the literature were chemically pretreated and used, whereas in the present study, we used the adsorbents without any treatment.

• Maximum adsorption efficiency and percent removal with the adsorbents used in the present study were very high in comparison to treated adsorbents.

• ANN modeling helps in the simulation of the lab scale to the industrial level.

Supplementary Information

ESM 1:

Fig.1 FTIR spectral analysis of SSCP. Fig.2 FTIR spectral analysis of GNSCP. Fig. 3 FTIR spectral analysis of CCP. Fig. 4 PXRD pattern of SSCP. Fig. 5 PXRD pattern of GNSCP. Fig. 6 PXRD pattern of CCP. Fig.7 SEM images of SSCP (a) Cavities in the structure (b) Showing the particle size in the range 3-7μm (c) Interior morphology of the adsorbent showing large number of cavities0. Fig.8 SEM images of GNSCP (a) Cavities in the structure (b) Showing the particle size in the range 4-6 μm (c) Interior morphology of the adsorbent showing large number of cavities. Fig.9 SEM images of CCP (a) Cavities in the structure (b) Showing the particle size in the range 5-8 μm (c) Interior morphology of the adsorbent showing large number of cavities.

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Kumar, G.P., Pydiraju, Y.B., Lokesh, G. et al. Removal of Rhodamine B Using Three Adsorbents: Isothermal, Kinetic, and ANN Modeling Studies. Water Conserv Sci Eng 8, 17 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s41101-023-00191-2

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s41101-023-00191-2

Keywords

Search

Navigation