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Effects of Seashell and Lumashell powders on the elevated temperature compressive strength and durability of shell-based concretes

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Abstract

Today, due to environmental issues and consequently preserve of natural sources, the need to introduce sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives to construction materials has been imperative. In construction materials, none is more widely used than concrete. In line with this aim, researchers have suggested the use of pozzolans and waste materials as alternatives to concrete materials. This study aimed to achieve a concrete with less cement amount and consequently contribute to a more sustainable concrete. For this purpose, Seashell and Lumashell powders were used to partially replace cement by 0, 2.5, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25% by weight. Furthermore, concrete mixing designs were developed in such a way that the effect of two different water-to-binder ratios (W/B = 0.45 and 0.4) on concrete performance could be evaluated. All these considerations finally led to the construction of 448 shell-based concrete specimens. In addition to conduct required tests to determine the physical and chemical properties of the Seashell and Lumashell powders, four other laboratory tests including slump test, compressive strength (CS) test at room and elevated temperatures (25–800°C), total water absorption (TWA) test, and electrical resistivity (ER) test were performed to investigate the effect of Seashell and Lumashell powders on the workability, strength and durability of the shell-based concrete specimens. All tests were performed on 28-day water-cured cubic samples. Experimental results showed that among all physical and chemical properties of the Seashell or Lumashell powders, the most suitable one that can be used to properly distinguish such shell powders from each other is the ratio of the specific surface area of the shell powder to that of the cement powder (\({r}_{SC}\)). From all workability, compressive strength (at both normal and elevated temperatures) and durability points of view, the use of Seashell and Lumashell powders can be effective to enhance the performance of concrete if 1) the shell powders are composed of fine enough particles and 2) the amount of shell powders used in the cement blend is confined to a specific limit. Parameter \({r}_{SC}\) with a minimum value of 7 might be a suitable indicator to ensure about the adequacy of the fineness of the shell powders and 5% (by weight) replacement of the Portland cement by the shell powders (ShC = 5%) might be the most appropriate range of using such materials. Use of 5% Seashell or Lumashell powders in average led to 30% reduction in concrete slump (reduced slump = 35 mm), 20, 21, 27, 36 and 78% improvement in the concrete’s compressive strength at 25, 200, 400, 600 and 800 °C, respectively, 30% reduction in the concrete’s TWA percentage and 70% improvement in the electrical resistivity of the concrete. With respect to these results, it seems that using Seashell waste materials as building materials not only would minimize raw material usage and consequently would help to preserve natural resources but also would improve the technical characteristics of the concrete.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Civil Engineering, Sirjan-Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sirjan, Iran

    Hamid Reza Bahadori, Ali Karbakhsh & Mohsen Mohammadizadeh

  2. Department of Civil Engineering, Kerman-Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kerman, P.O. Box 7635131167, Iran

    Amir Ahmad Hedayat

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Bahadori, H.R., Hedayat, A.A., Karbakhsh, A. et al. Effects of Seashell and Lumashell powders on the elevated temperature compressive strength and durability of shell-based concretes. Innov. Infrastruct. Solut. 8, 199 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s41062-023-01156-z

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