Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Strength and durability characteristics of binary blended recycled coarse aggregate concrete containing microsilica and metakaolin

  • Technical paper
  • Published:
Innovative Infrastructure Solutions Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Concrete is an important construction material. However, the consumption of natural aggregates in concrete production is responsible for depleting natural resources. Utilization of construction waste as recycled aggregate to replace natural aggregate in concrete construction is a great way to save the natural aggregate and manage the construction waste in an efficient manner. In the current study, compressive strength, water absorption and electrical resistance of concrete were investigated by replacing the natural coarse aggregate (NCA) with recycled coarse aggregate (RCA) in the ratio of 50% and 100%. In addition, 10% cement was replaced with microsilica (MS) and metakaolin (MK) in RCA concrete mixes. Results show that RCA concrete had lower strength than NCA concrete; however, the strength of RCA concrete was improved by using binary blends of supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs). The SCM’s effect was found to be positive on water absorption and electrical resistivity of RCA concrete, water absorption was reduced, and electrical resistivity was increased. Further, the electrical resistivity results show that inclusion of SCMs reduces the chance of having corrosion in RCA concrete particularly using MK. Moreover, the microstructure investigations revealed that the incorporation of binary blends of SCMs reduces the voids in the RCA concrete and the microstructure of the concrete appears to be dense. Eventually, 100% RCA with binary blends of MS or MK can be used for the production of up to M35 grade concrete for practical concrete construction applications.

Graphical abstract

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10

Similar content being viewed by others

Abbreviations

RCA:

Recycled coarse aggregate

RAC:

Recycled aggregate concrete

NCA:

Natural coarse aggregate

NAC:

Natural aggregate concrete

CDW:

Construction and demolition waste

MS:

Microsilica

MK:

Metakaolin

OPC:

Ordinary Portland cement

SCM:

Supplementary cementitious material

NFA:

Natural fine aggregate

RFA:

Recycled fine aggregate

CSH:

Calcium silicate hydrate

SEM:

Scanning electron microscope

EDS:

Energy-dispersive spectroscopy

CH:

Calcium hydroxide

ITZ:

Interfacial transition zone

References

  1. Arora S, Singh SP (2018) Probability of flexural fatigue failure of concrete made with recycled concrete aggregates. IOP Conf Ser Mater Sci Eng. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/431/10/102004

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Alnahhal MF, Alengaram UJ, Jumaat MZ et al (2018) Assessment on engineering properties and CO2 emissions of recycled aggregate concrete incorporating waste products as supplements to Portland cement. J Clean Prod 203:822–835. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.08.292

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Padhi RS, Patra RK, Mukharjee BB, Dey T (2018) Influence of incorporation of rice husk ash and coarse recycled concrete aggregates on properties of concrete. Constr Build Mater 173:289–297. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.03.270

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Berndt ML (2009) Properties of sustainable concrete containing fly ash, slag and recycled concrete aggregate. Constr Build Mater 23:2606–2613. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2009.02.011

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Dilbas H, Şimşek M, Çakir Ö (2014) An investigation on mechanical and physical properties of recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) with and without silica fume. Constr Build Mater 61:50–59. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2014.02.057

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Tam VWY, Tam CM (2008) Diversifying two-stage mixing approach (TSMA) for recycled aggregate concrete: TSMAs and TSMAsc. Constr Build Mater 22:2068–2077. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2007.07.024

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Shaikh FUA (2017) Mechanical properties of recycled aggregate concrete containing ternary blended cementitious materials. Int J Sustain Built Environ 6:536–543. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsbe.2017.10.005

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Zega CJ, Di Maio ÁA (2011) Use of recycled fine aggregate in concretes with durable requirements. Waste Manag 31:2336–2340. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2011.06.011

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Medina C, Zhu W, Howind T et al (2014) Influence of mixed recycled aggregate on the physical-mechanical properties of recycled concrete. J Clean Prod 68:216–225. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2014.01.002

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Ahmed Shaikh FU, Nath P, Hosan A et al (2019) Sustainability assessment of recycled aggregates concrete mixes containing industrial by-products. Mater Today Sustain. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mtsust.2019.100013

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Corinaldesi V, Moriconi G (2009) Influence of mineral additions on the performance of 100% recycled aggregate concrete. Constr Build Mater 23:2869–2876. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2009.02.004

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Xie J, Huang L, Guo Y et al (2018) Experimental study on the compressive and flexural behaviour of recycled aggregate concrete modified with silica fume and fibres. Constr Build Mater 178:612–623. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.05.136

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Da Silva FB, De Belie N, Boon N, Verstraete W (2015) Production of non-axenic ureolytic spores for self-healing concrete applications. Constr Build Mater 93:1034–1041. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.05.049

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Kou SC, Poon CS (2012) Enhancing the durability properties of concrete prepared with coarse recycled aggregate. Constr Build Mater 35:69–76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2012.02.032

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Kou SC, Poon CS, Agrela F (2011) Comparisons of natural and recycled aggregate concretes prepared with the addition of different mineral admixtures. Cem Concr Compos 33:788–795. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2011.05.009

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Kapoor K, Singh SP, Singh B (2016) Durability of self-compacting concrete made with recycled concrete aggregates and mineral admixtures. Constr Build Mater 128:67–76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.10.026

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Muduli R, Mukharjee BB (2020) Performance assessment of concrete incorporating recycled coarse aggregates and metakaolin: a systematic approach. Constr Build Mater 233:117223. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.117223

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Singh N, Singh SP (2016) Carbonation and electrical resistance of self compacting concrete made with recycled concrete aggregates and metakaolin. Constr Build Mater 121:400–409. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.06.009

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Dimitriou G, Savva P, Petrou MF (2018) Enhancing mechanical and durability properties of recycled aggregate concrete. Constr Build Mater 158:228–235. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.09.137

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Tahar ZE, Ngo TT, Kadri EH et al (2017) Effect of cement and admixture on the utilization of recycled aggregates in concrete. Constr Build Mater 149:91–102. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.04.152

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Ayob A, Razali ME, Alias S et al (2016) Engineering behavior of concrete with recycled aggregate. MATEC Web Conf. https://doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/20178701002

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Wagih AM, El-Karmoty HZ, Ebid M, Okba SH (2013) Recycled construction and demolition concrete waste as aggregate for structural concrete. HBRC J 9:193–200. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hbrcj.2013.08.007

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Zhu P, Hao Y, Liu H et al (2019) Durability evaluation of three generations of 100% repeatedly recycled coarse aggregate concrete. Constr Build Mater 210:442–450. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.03.203

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. IS 4031: 1988 (2005) Methods of physical tests for hydraulic cement, part 3: determination of soundness

  25. IS 4031: 1988 (1988) Methods of physical tests for hydraulic cement. Part IV- determination of consistency of standard cement paste

  26. IS 4031: 1988 (1988) Methods of physical tests for hydraulic cement. Part V- determination of initial and final setting times

  27. IS 4031: 1988 (2005) Methods of physical tests for hydraulic cement part 6 determination of compressive strength of hydraulic cement other than masonry cement (first revision)

  28. IS 383 : 2016 (2016) Coarse and fine aggregate for concrete, Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi

  29. Ramadevi K, Chitra R (2017) Concrete using recycled aggregates. Int J Civ Eng Technol 8:413–419

    Google Scholar 

  30. IS 2386: 1963 (1963) Method of test for aggregate for concrete. Part III- specific gravity, density, voids, absorption and bulking

  31. IS 2386: 1963 (2002) Methods of test for aggregates for concrete, part 4 : mechanical properties

  32. IS 8112 : 2013 (2013) Ordinary Portland cement, 43 Grade: specification, Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi

  33. IS 10262 : 2009 (2009) Concrete mix proportioning guidelines, Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi

  34. IS 516 : 1959(2004) Method of tests for strength of concrete, Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi

  35. ASTM C-642 (1997) Standard test method for density, absorption, and voids in hardened concrete. pp 1–3. https://doi.org/10.1097/NAN.0b013e31824d1b7a

  36. Muduli R, Mukharjee BB (2019) Effect of incorporation of metakaolin and recycled coarse aggregate on properties of concrete. J Clean Prod 209:398–414. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.10.221

    Article  Google Scholar 

  37. Limbachiya M, Meddah MS, Ouchagour Y (2012) Use of recycled concrete aggregate in fly-ash concrete. Constr Build Mater 27:439–449. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2011.07.023

    Article  Google Scholar 

  38. Ismail S, Ramli M (2013) Engineering properties of treated recycled concrete aggregate (RCA) for structural applications. Constr Build Mater 44:464–476. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2013.03.014

    Article  Google Scholar 

  39. Lotfi S, Eggimann M, Wagner E et al (2015) Performance of recycled aggregate concrete based on a new concrete recycling technology. Constr Build Mater 95:243–256. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.07.021

    Article  Google Scholar 

  40. Marta Sánchez de Juan PAG (2019) Study on the influence of attached mortar content on the properties of recycled concrete aggregate. Lect Notes Civ Eng 30:337–347. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-6717-5_33

    Article  Google Scholar 

  41. Majhi RK, Nayak AN, Mukharjee BB (2018) Development of sustainable concrete using recycled coarse aggregate and ground granulated blast furnace slag. Constr Build Mater 159:417–430. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.10.118

    Article  Google Scholar 

  42. Megat Johari MA, Brooks JJ, Kabir S, Rivard P (2011) Influence of supplementary cementitious materials on engineering properties of high strength concrete. Constr Build Mater 25:2639–2648. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2010.12.013

    Article  Google Scholar 

  43. ACI 222 R-01 (2001) Protection of metals in concrete against corrosion. American Concrete Institute. 1–41

  44. Bagheri A, Zanganeh H, Alizadeh H et al (2013) Comparing the performance of fine fly ash and silica fume in enhancing the properties of concretes containing fly ash. Constr Build Mater 47:1402–1408. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2013.06.037

    Article  Google Scholar 

  45. Chao-lung H, Le Anh-tuan B, Chun-tsun C (2011) Effect of rice husk ash on the strength and durability characteristics of concrete. Constr Build Mater 25:3768–3772. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2011.04.009

    Article  Google Scholar 

  46. Kong D, Lei T, Zheng J et al (2010) Effect and mechanism of surface-coating pozzalanics materials around aggregate on properties and ITZ microstructure of recycled aggregate concrete. Constr Build Mater 24:701–708. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2009.10.038

    Article  Google Scholar 

  47. Poon CS, Shui ZH, Lam L (2004) Effect of microstructure of ITZ on compressive strength of concrete prepared with recycled aggregates. Constr Build Mater 18:461–468. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2004.03.005

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

The authors appreciably acknowledge the laboratory technical staff for their cooperation during the experimentations that have been carried out in this study and also USIF AMU for microstructural investigations.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Civil Engineering, Z. H. College of Engineering and Technology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202001, India

    Mohd Salman Rais & Rizwan Ahmad Khan

Authors
  1. Mohd Salman Rais
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Rizwan Ahmad Khan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Mohd Salman Rais.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that no conflict of interest exists.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Rais, M.S., Khan, R.A. Strength and durability characteristics of binary blended recycled coarse aggregate concrete containing microsilica and metakaolin. Innov. Infrastruct. Solut. 5, 114 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s41062-020-00365-0

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s41062-020-00365-0

Keywords

Search

Navigation