Skip to main content
Log in

Electrostatic Gate Control in Molecular Transistors

  • Review
  • Published:
Topics in Current Chemistry Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Molecular transistors, in which single molecules serve as active channel components in a three-terminal device geometry, constitute the building blocks of molecular scale electronic circuits. To demonstrate such devices, a gate electrode has been incorporated in several test beds of molecular electronics. The frontier orbitals’ alignments of a molecular transistor can be delicately tuned by modifying the molecular orbital energy with the gate electrode. In this review, we described electrostatic gate control of solid-state molecular transistors. In particular, we focus on recent experimental accomplishments in fabrication and characterization of molecular transistors.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1

Reproduced with permission from [24]. Copyright (2010) Royal Society of Chemistry

Fig. 2a,b

Reproduced with permission from [24]. Copyright (2010) Royal Society of Chemistry

Fig. 3

Reproduced with permission from [39]. Copyright (2013) American Chemical Society

Fig. 4

Reproduced with permission from [41]. Copyright (2011) American Chemical Society

Fig. 5

Reproduced with permission from [53]. Copyright (2010) American Chemical Society

Fig. 6

Reproduced with permission from [54]. Copyright (2006) American Chemical Society

Fig. 7

Reproduced with permission from [58]. Copyright (2010) American Physical Society

Fig. 8

Reproduced with permission from [59]. Copyright (2010) American Physical Society

Fig. 9

Reproduced with permission from [67]. Copyright (2016) Taylor and Francis Group

Fig. 10

Reproduced with permission from [13]. Copyright (2009) Nature Publishing Group

Fig. 11

Reproduced with permission from [13]. Copyright (2009) Nature Publishing Group

Fig. 12

Reproduced with permission from [75]. Copyright (2015) Royal Society of Chemistry

Fig. 13

Reproduced with permission from [41]. Copyright (2011) American Chemical Society

Fig. 14

Reproduced with permission from [76]. Copyright (2013) Nature Publishing Group

Fig. 15

Reproduced with permission from [77]. Copyright (2014) Nature Publishing Group

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Song H, Reed MA, Lee T (2011) Adv Mater 23:1583

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Xiang D, Wang X, Jia C, Lee T, Guo X (2016) Chem Rev 116:4318

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Tao NJ (2006) Nat Nanotechnol 1:173

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Li T, Hu W, Zhu D (2010) Adv Mater 22:286

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Karthäuser S (2011) J Phys Condens Mater 23:013001

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Moth-Poulsen K, Bjørnholm T (2009) Nat Nanotechnol 4:551

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Ebling M, Ochs R, Koentopp M, Fischer M, von Hänisch C, Weigend F, Evers F, Weber HB, Mayor M (2005) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 102:8815

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Aviram A, Ratner MA (1974) Chem Phys Lett 29:277

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Metzger RM, Chen B, Hopfner U, Lakshmikantham MV, Vuillaume D, Kawai T, Wu X, Tachibana H, Hughes TV, Sakurai H, Baldwin JW, Hosch C, Cava MP, Brehmer L, Ashwell GJ (1997) J Am Chem Soc 119:10455

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Kubatkin S, Danilov A, Hjort M, Cornil J, Brédas J-L, Stuhr-Hansen N, Hedegård P, Bjørnholm T (2003) Nature 425:698

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Park H, Park J, Lim AKL, Anderson EH, Alivisatos AP, McEuen PL (2000) Nature 407:57

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Park J, Pasupathy AN, Goldsmith JI, Chang C, Yaish Y, Petta JR, Rinkoski M, Sethna JP, Abruna HD, McEuen PL, Ralph DC (2002) Nature 417:722

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Song H, Kim Y, Jang YH, Jeong H, Reed MA, Lee T (2009) Nature 462:1039

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. van der Molen SJ, Liljeroth P (2010) J Phys Condens Mater 22:133001

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Quek SY, Kamenetska M, Steigerwald ML, Choi HJ, Louie SG, Hybertsen MS, Neaton JB, Venkataraman L (2009) Nat Nanotechnol 4:230

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Blum AS, Kushmerick JG, Long DP, Patterson CH, Yang JC, Henderson JC, Yao Y, Tour JM, Shashidhar R, Ratna BR (2005) Nat Mater 4:167

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Guo X, Small JP, Klare JE, Wang Y, Purewal MS, Tam IW, Hong BH, Caldwell R, Huang L, O’Brien S, Yan J, Breslow R, Wind SJ, Hone J, Kim P, Nuckolls C (2006) Science 311:356

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Choi BY, Kahng SJ, Kim S, Kim H, Kim HW, Song YJ, Ihm J, Kuk Y (2006) Phys Rev Lett 96:156106

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Lee J, Chang H, Kim S, Bang GS, Lee H (2009) Angew Chem 121:8653

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Lörtscher E, Ciszek JW, Tour J, Riel H (2006) Small 2:973

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Lörtscher E, Gotsmann B, Lee Y, Yu L, Rettner C, Riel H (2012) ACS Nano 6:4931

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Green JE, Choi JW, Boukai A, Bunimovich Y, Johnston-Halperin E, DeIonno E, Luo Y, Sheriff BA, Xu K, Shin YS, Tseng H-R, Stoddart JF, Heath JR (2007) Nature 445:414

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. van der Zant HSJ, Kervennic Y-V, Poot M, O’Neill K, de Groot Z, Heeersche HB, Stuhr-Hansen N, Bjørnholm T, Vanmaekelbergh D, van Walree CA, Jenneskens LW (2006) Faraday Discuss 131:347

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Perrin ML, Burzurí E, van der Zant HSJ (2015) Chem Soc Rev 44:902

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Datta S (2005) Quantum transport: atom to transistor. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge

    Book  Google Scholar 

  26. Liang W, Shores MP, Bockrath M, Long JR, Park H (2002) Nature 417:725

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Natelson D, Yu LH, Ciszek JW, Keane ZK, Tour JM (2006) Chem Phys 324:267

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Heersche HB, de Groot Z, Folk JA, Kouwenhoven LP, van der Zant HSJ, Houck AA, Labaziewicz J, Chuang IL (2006) Phys Rev Lett 96:017205

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Osorio EA, O’Neill K, Wegewijs M, Stuhr-Hansen N, Paaske J, Bjørnholm T, van der Zant HSJ (2007) Nano Lett 7:3336

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Scott GD, Keane ZK, Ciszek JW, Tour JM, Natelson D (2009) Phys Rev B 79:165413

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Scott GD, Natelson D (2010) ACS Nano 4:3560

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Osorio EA, Bjørnholm T, Lehn J-M, Ruben M, van der Zant HSJ (2008) J Phys Condens Mater 20:374121

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Yu LH, Keane ZK, Ciszek JW, Cheng L, Stewart MP, Tour JM, Natelson D (2004) Phys Rev Lett 93:266802

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Moreland J, Ekin JW (1985) J Appl Phys 58:3888

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Muller CJ, van Ruitenbeek JM, de Jongh LJ (1992) Phys C 191:485

    Article  Google Scholar 

  36. Reed MA, Zhou C, Muller CJ, Burgin TP, Tour JM (1997) Science 278:252

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Champagne AR, Pasupathy AN, Ralph DC (2005) Nano Lett 5:305

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. Martin CA, Smit RHM, van der Zant HSJ, van Ruitenbeek JM (2009) Nano Lett 9:2940

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. Xiang D, Jeong H, Kim D, Lee T, Cheng Y, Wang Q, Mayer D (2013) Nano Lett 13:2809

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  40. Jia C, Ma B, Xin N, Guo X (2015) Acc Chem Res 48:2

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Prins F, Barreiro A, Ruitenberg JW, Seldenthuis JS, Aliaga-Alcalde N, Vandersypen LMK, van der Zant HSJ (2011) Nano Lett 11:4607

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  42. Prins F, Hayashi T, de vos van Steenwijk BJA, Gao B, Osorio EA, Muraki K, van der Zant HSJ (2009) Appl Phys Lett 94:123108

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Panzer MJ, Frisbie CD (2008) Adv Mater 20:3177

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Díez-Pérez I, Li Z, Guo S, Madden C, Huang H, Che Y, Yang X, Zang L, Tao N (2012) ACS Nano 6:7044

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  45. Diez-Perez I, Hihath J, Lee Y, Yu L, Adamska L, Kozhushner MA, Oleynik II, Tao N (2009) Nat Chem 1:635

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  46. Kamenetska M, Quek SY, Whalley AC, Steigerwald ML, Choi HJ, Louie SG, Nuckolls C, Hybertsen MS, Neaton JB, Venkataraman L (2010) J Am Chem Soc 132:6817

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  47. Osorio HM, Catarelli S, Cea P, Gluyas JBG, Hartl F, Higgins SJ, Leary E, Low PJ, Martin S, Nichols RJ, Tory J, Ulstrup J, Vezzoli A, Milan DC, Zeng Q (2015) J Am Chem Soc 137:14319

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  48. Capozzi B, Chen Q, Darancet P, Kotiuga M, Buzzeo M, Neaton JB, Nuckolls C, Venkataraman L (2014) Nano Lett 14:1400

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  49. Li X, Xu B, Xiao X, Yang X, Zang L, Tao N (2006) Faraday Discuss 131:111

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  50. He J, Fu Q, Lindsay S, Ciszek JW, Tour JM (2006) J Am Chem Soc 128:14828

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  51. Darwish N, Díez-Pérez I, Da Silva P, Tao N, Gooding JJ, Paddon-Row MN (2012) Angew Chem Int Ed 51:3203

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. Venkataraman L, Klare JE, Tam IW, Nuckolls C, Hybertsen MS, Steigerwald ML (2006) Nano Lett 6:458

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  53. Song H, Kim Y, Jeong H, Reed MA, Lee T (2010) J Phys Chem C 114:20431

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. Poot M, Osorio E, O’Neill K, Thijssen JM, Vanmaekelbergh D, van Walree CA, Jenneskens LW, van der Zant HSJ (2006) Nano Lett 6:1031

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. Beebe JM, Kim B, Gadzuk JW, Frisbie CD, Kushmerick JG (2006) Phys Rev Lett 97:026801

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  56. Huisman EH, Guédon CM, van Wees BJ, van der Molen SJ (2009) Nano Lett 9:3909

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  57. Baldea I (2010) Chem Phys 377:15

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. Araidai M, Tsukada M (2010) Phys Rev B 81:235114

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  59. Chen J, Markussen T, Thygesen KS (2010) Phys Rev B 82:121412

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. Beebe JM, Kim B, Frisbie CD, Kushmerick JG (2008) ACS Nano 2:827

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  61. Jaklevic RC, Lambe J (1966) Phys Rev Lett 17:1139

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  62. Lambe J, Jaklevic RC (1968) Phys Rev 165:821

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  63. Wang W, Lee T, Kretzschmar I, Reed MA (2004) Nano Lett 4:643

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  64. Kushmerick JG, Lazorcik J, Patterson CH, Shashidhar R, Seferos DS, Bazan GC (2004) Nano Lett 4:639

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  65. Persson BNJ, Baratoff A (1987) Phys Rev Lett 59:339

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  66. Galperin M, Ratner MA, Nitzan A (2004) J Chem Phys 121:11965

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  67. Kim Y, Song H (2016) Appl Spectrosc Rev 51:603

    Article  Google Scholar 

  68. Di Ventra M, Pantelides ST, Lang ND (2010) Appl Phys Lett 76:3448

    Article  Google Scholar 

  69. Solomon PM, Lang ND (2008) ACS Nano 2:435

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  70. Damle P, Rakshit T, Paulsson M, Datta S (2002) IEEE Trans Nanotechnol 1:145

    Article  Google Scholar 

  71. Lang ND, Solomon PM (2005) Nano Lett 5:921

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  72. Ghosh AW, Rakshit T, Datta S (2004) Nano Lett 4:565

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  73. Datta SS, Strachan DR, Johnson ATC (2009) Phys Rev B 79:205404

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  74. Piva PG, DiLabio GA, Pitters JL, Zikovsky J, Rezeq M, Dogel S, Hofer WA, Wolkow RA (2005) Nature 435:658

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  75. Xiang A, Li H, Chen S, Liu S-X, Decurtins S, Bai M, Hou S, Liao J (2015) Nanoscale 7:7665

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  76. Perrin ML, Verzijl CJO, Martin CA, Shaikh AJ, Eelkema R, van Esch JH, van Ruitenbeek JM, Thijssen JM, van der Zant HSJ, Dulić D (2013) Nat Nanotechnol 8:282

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  77. Kim Y, Jeong W, Kim K, Lee W, Reddy P (2014) Nat Nanotechnol 9:881

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  78. Capozzi B, Chen Q, Darancet P, Kotiuga M, Buzzeo M, Neaton JB, Nuckolls C, Venkataraman L (2014) Nano Lett 143:1400

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  79. Behnia S, Fathizadeh S, Ziaei J (2017) Phys Lett A 381:36

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  80. Fu B, Mosquera MA, Schatz GC, Ratner MA, Hsu LY (2018) Nano Lett 18:5015

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  81. Fathizadeh S, Behnia S, Ziaei J (2018) J Phys Chem B 122:2487

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  82. Komoto Y, Fujii S, Kiguchi M (2018) Mater Chem Front 2:214

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  83. Nasri A, Boubaker A, Hafsi B, Khaldi W, Kalboussi A (2017) Org Electron 48:7

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  84. Yamamoto M, Azuma Y, Sakamoto M, Teranishi T, Ishii H, Majima Y, Noguchi Y (2017) Sci Rep 7:1589

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  85. Troiani F, Godfrin C, Thiele S, Balestro F, Wernsdorfer W, Klyatskaya S, Ruben M, Affronte M (2017) Phys Rev Lett 118:257701

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  86. Lovat G, Choi B, Paley DW, Steigerwald ML, Venkataraman L, Roy X (2017) Nat Nanotechnol 12:1050

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  87. Mitchell AK, Pedersen KGL, Hedegård P, Paaske J (2017) Nat Commun 8:15210

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  88. Xu Q, Scuri G, Mathewson C, Kim P, Nuckolls C, Bouilly D (2017) Nano Lett 17:5335

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgement

This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (2016R1D1A1B03935647).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Hyunwook Song.

Additional information

This article is part of the Topical Collection “Molecular-Scale Electronics: Current Status and Perspective”; edited by Xuefeng Guo.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Song, H. Electrostatic Gate Control in Molecular Transistors. Top Curr Chem (Z) 376, 37 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s41061-018-0215-2

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s41061-018-0215-2

Keywords

Navigation