Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Seismic risk assessment, damage estimation, and strengthening of seismic construction standards in Morocco

  • Research Article
  • Published:
Journal of Building Pathology and Rehabilitation Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The increasing interest in seismic risk assessment in Morocco is due to the growing frequency of earthquakes, such as the one in Al Haouz in 2023, and the rapid population expansion in these areas. This study focuses on regions with moderate to high seismic activity to better understand the seismic risk in these areas. A critical aspect of this assessment is establishing damage (or fragility) curves, which are necessary for assessing damage levels and making decisions regarding the renovation or demolition of structures. However, a shortfall in seismic regulations is the constant behavior factor, regardless of seismicity level (zones 3, 4, and 5) or structure height. Moroccan seismic regulations (RPS2000) and international standards generally advocate for a fixed value of the behavior factor but often neglect crucial parameters such as structure height and local seismic intensity.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12

Similar content being viewed by others

Data availability

No datasets were generated or analysed during the current study.

References

  1. Cherkaoui TE, Hatzfeld D, Jebli H, Medinan F, Caillot V (1990) Etude microsismique de la région d’Al Hoceima. Bull Inct Sci Rabat 12:25–34

    Google Scholar 

  2. D’Ayala D, Speranza E (2003) Definition of collapse mechanisms and seismic vulnerability of historic masonry buildings. Earthq Spectra 19(3):479–509. https://doi.org/10.1193/1.1599896

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Yeck WL, Hatem AE, Goldberg DE, Barnhart WD, Jobe JAT, Shelly DR, Villaseñor A, Benz HM, Earle PS (2023) Rapid source characterization of the 2023 Mw 6.8 Al Haouz, Morocco. Earthquake Seism Rec 3:357–366. https://doi.org/10.1785/0320230040

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Buforn E, Galdeano CSD, Udias A (2004) Seismotectonics of the Ibero-Maghrebian region. Tectonophysics 30(248):247–261

    Google Scholar 

  5. RPS. Règlement de Construction Parasismique. Ministère de l’Aménagement du Territoire, de l’Urbanisme, de l’Habitat et de l’Environ-nement; Secrétariat d’Etat à l’Habitat, Rabat, Morocco 17

  6. RPS (2000) Règlement de Construction Parasismique, Version 2011, Ministère de l’Habitat, de l’Urbanisme et de l’Aménagement de l’Es-pace, Rabat, Morocco

  7. Kassem MM, Mohamed Nazri F, Noroozinejad Farsangi E (2020) The seismic vulnerability assessment methodologies: a state-of-the-art review. Ain Shams Eng J 11:849–864. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asej.2020.04.001

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Applied Technology Council, ATC-40 (1996) Seismic evaluation and retrofit of concrete buildings, California 1 and 2

  9. Kim S, D’Amore E (1999) Pushover analysis procedure in earthquake engineering. EarthqSpectra 15:417–423. https://doi.org/10.1193/1.1586051

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Ziraoui A, Kissi B, Aaya H, Azdine I (2023) Techno-economic study of seismic vulnerability in reinforced concrete structures by composite materials. Int Rev Civ Eng IRECE 14:561. https://doi.org/10.15866/irece.v14i6.22940

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Ziraoui A, Kissi B, Aaya H, Mezriahi Y, Haimoud A (2023) Seismic retrofitting: analyzing the effectiveness of RC shear walls and CFRP reinforcement for RC structures. pp 203–214. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-49345-4_21

  12. Elnashai AS (2001) Advanced inelastic (pushover) analysis for earthquake applications. Struct Eng Mech 12:51–6. https://doi.org/10.12989/sem.2001.12.1.051

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Newmark NM, Hall WJ (1982) Earthquake spectra and design. EERI Monograph Series, EERI, Okland, CA, USA

  14. Krawinkler H, Nassar AA (1992) Seismic design based on ductility and cumulative damage demand and capacities. In: Fajfar P, Krawinkler H (eds) Nonlinear seismic analysis and design of reinforced concrete buildings. Elsevier apllied science, New York

  15. Fajfar P (2002) Structural analysis in earthquake engineering a breakthrough of simplified nonlinear methods. 12th European conference on earthquake engineering

  16. Mander JB, Priestley MJN (1988) Observed stress-strain behavior of confined concrete. J Struct Eng ASCE 114(8):1827–1849

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Shome N, Cornell CA (1999) Probabilistic seismic demand analysis of nonlinear structures.Tech. Rep. RMS–35, RMS Program, Stanford University, CA

  18. FEMA (1999) “HAZUS Earthquake loss estimation methodology”, Federal emergency management agency, Washington, D.C.

  19. BAEL 91. Règles techniques de conception et de calcul des ouvrages et constructions en Béton Armé suivant la Méthode des Etats limites. Edition Eyrolles: 1992, Paris, France. ISBN: 221210023X

  20. Tbatou T, El Youbi M (2020) Dynamic and structural study of a RC building braced by FRP composite materials. Int Rev Civil Eng 11(1):1–9. https://doi.org/10.15866/irece.v11i1.16991

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Ziraoui A, Kissi B, Aaya H (2024) Probabilistic analysis of FRP efficacy in seismic risk reduction. Forces Mech 100259. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.finmec.2024.100259

  22. (2005) CSI Analysis Refrence Manual for SAP2000, ETABS, and SAFE – computers and structures, Inc.Berkeley, California, USA

Download references

Funding

The authors declare that no funds, grants, or other support were received during the preparation of this manuscript.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. LISPS2I, National School of Arts and Crafts, Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco

    Adil Ziraoui, Benaissa Kissi & Ilhame Azdine

  2. LMSI, International University of Casablanca, Casablanca, Morocco

    Hassan Aaya

  3. LASTIMI Laboratory Systems Analysis Information Processing and Industrial Management, High School of Technology of Salé, Mohammed V University of Rabat, Rabat, Morocco

    Najoua Mrabet

Authors
  1. Adil Ziraoui
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Benaissa Kissi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Hassan Aaya
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Najoua Mrabet
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Ilhame Azdine
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Contributions

Adil Ziraoui: Methodology, Investigation, Resources, Writing– original draft, Writing – review & editing. Benaissa Kissi: Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing. Hassan Aaya: Validation, Formal analysis, Writing – original draft, Visualization. Najoua Mrabet: Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing. Ilhame Azdine: Conceptualization, Software, Validation, Resources, Writing – original draft, Supervision.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Adil Ziraoui.

Ethics declarations

Competing interests

The authors declare no competing interests.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Ziraoui, A., Kissi, B., Aaya, H. et al. Seismic risk assessment, damage estimation, and strengthening of seismic construction standards in Morocco. J Build Rehabil 9, 79 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s41024-024-00437-z

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s41024-024-00437-z

Keywords

Search

Navigation