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A study of the effect of industrial and natural wastes on cement mortar properties

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Abstract

Disposing of waste causes the majority of environmental and economic issues. Industrial and natural waste usage was necessary to balance construction requirements, environmental sustainability, and conservation of landfill space. The waste of red mud and pistachio shells caused environmental effects. The primary objective of this work is to provide a rough assessment of the effectiveness of using waste materials such as red mud and pistachio shells as partial replacements for cement and fine aggregate, respectively. In the mortar ratio, the proportions of cement to aggregate were 1:3, and the water-to-cement ratio (W/C) was 0.45. In this investigation, red mud was used to replace 10% of the cement, and waste pistachio shells were used to substitute fine aggregate from 5 to 30% of the mortar mix. Different mortar combinations were tested for density, water absorption, compressive strength, and thermal conductivity. The primary findings reveal that red mud and pistachio shells may partly replace the cement and sand in the mortar mixture while still increasing the mortar’s characteristics. When red mud was added to 10% of the mortar at age 28 days, the compressive strength was 30 MPa. Also, when red mud and pistachio shell wastes were added to mortar, the maximum compressive strength at (CMRP2) was 54.8 Mpa. The mortar’s density was reduced when the replacement of two additives increased. Also, adding red mud to the mortar decreased the water absorption after 28 days, while pistachio shells had the opposite effect. The thermal conductivity test results were positive, with a decrease in thermal conductivity with increased additive waste content.

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Acknowledgements

The researchers appreciate the help of Mustansiriyah University in Baghdad, Iraq (www.uomustansiriyah.edu.iq).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Materials Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq

    Mais A. Abdulkarem, Dalia Adil Rasool & Baydaa Jaber Nabhan

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  1. Mais A. Abdulkarem
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  2. Dalia Adil Rasool
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  3. Baydaa Jaber Nabhan
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Contributions

All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data col-lection and analysis were performed by [Mais A. Abdulkarem 1, Dalia Adil Rasool2, and Baydaa jabber Nabhan3]. The first draft of the manuscript was written by [Mais A. Abdul-karem] and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Mais A. Abdulkarem.

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Abdulkarem, M.A., Rasool, D.A. & Nabhan, B.J. A study of the effect of industrial and natural wastes on cement mortar properties. J Build Rehabil 9, 65 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s41024-024-00415-5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s41024-024-00415-5

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