Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Deformation Behavior of a Large-Scale Excavation and the Effect of an Adjacent Foundation Pit on the Excavation

  • Research paper
  • Published:
International Journal of Civil Engineering Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

A large-scale foundation pit with an area of 39,677 m2 (B2) was excavated to the south of an existing 25,720 m2 Chengdu Universal Trade Plaza (CDUTP) foundation pit (B1) in Chengdu, China. The purpose of this manuscript was to investigate the deformation characteristics of B2 and compare the difference of deformation characteristics between foundation pits B1 and B2. Direct monitoring results of foundation pit B2 were comprehensively investigated and compared with that observed in B1, which include lateral movement, column movement, stress in the columns, and axis force in the anchor cable. Additionally, a strategic approach to mitigate potential extensive lateral deformation was introduced. The monitored results for B2 revealed that the deflection and vertical movement of the columns were comparatively smaller than the reported lower boundaries. The maximum excavation-induced lateral column deflection exhibited a notable 35% reduction in comparison to the lateral deflection observed in the new excavation. However, vertical column movements were approximately twice as pronounced as those in B1. Furthermore, the installation of temporary columns with anchor cables in front of permanent columns proved effective in limiting the vertical deformation during excavation in close proximity to the permanent columns. This research provides valuable insights into the documentation of large-size excavations in soft soil, along with corresponding mitigation approaches.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10

Similar content being viewed by others

Data Availability

All data, models, and code generated or used during the study appear in the submitted article.

References

  1. Hashash YM, Osouli A, Marulanda C (2008) Central artery/tunnel project excavation induced ground deformations. J Geotech Geoenviron Eng 134(9):1399–1406

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Liu L, Wu R, Congress SSC, Du Q, Cai G, Li Z (2021) Design optimization of the soil nail wall-retaining pile-anchor cable supporting system in a large-scale deep foundation pit. Acta Geotech 16:2251–2274

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Wang S, Li Q, Dong J, Wang J, Wang M (2021) Comparative investigation on deformation monitoring and numerical simulation of the deepest excavation in Beijing. Bull Eng Geol Env 80(2):1233–1247

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Tan Y, Wang D (2013) Characteristics of a large-scale deep foundation pit excavated by the central-island technique in Shanghai soft clay. II: Top-down construction of the peripheral rectangular pit. J Geotech Geoenviron Eng 139:1894–1910

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Peck RB (1969). Deep excavations and tunneling in soft ground. Proc. 7th ICSMFE, 1969, 225–290.

  6. Clough GW, Smith EM, Sweeney BP (1989) Movement control of excavation support systems by iterative design. Current principles and practices, Paper presented at the Foundation engineering

    Google Scholar 

  7. Clough GW, O’Rourke, TD (1990). Construction induced movements of in situ walls. Design and performance of earth retaining structures, 439–470.

  8. Ou CY, Hsieh PG, Chiou DC (1993) Characteristics of ground surface settlement during excavation. Can Geotech J 30(5):758–767

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Whittle AJ, Hashash YM, Whitman RV (1993) Analysis of deep excavation in Boston. J Geotech Eng 119(1):69–90

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Hsieh PG, Ou CY (1998) Shape of ground surface settlement profiles caused by excavation. Can Geotech J 35(6):1004–1017

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Hashash YM, Whittle AJ (1996) Ground movement prediction for deep excavations in soft clay. J Geotech Eng 122(6):474–486

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Eid HT, Alansari OA, Odeh AM, Nasr MN, Sadek HA (2009) Comparative study on the behavior of square foundations resting on confined sand. Can Geotech J 46(4):438–453

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Kung GT, Juang CH, Hsiao EC, Hashash YM (2007) Simplified model for wall deflection and ground-surface settlement caused by braced excavation in clays. J Geotech Geoenviron Eng 133(6):731–747

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Liu G, Guo J, Li M, Qin T, Huang P (2020) Measured behaviors of an oversized irregular basement excavation and its surrounding responses in thick soft clay. Arab J Geosci 13(1):1–14

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Wang F, Gao Y, Zhou X, Lv Y, Xu X (2019). Study on the actual case of deep excavation in sands and pebble with plenty water. Paper presented at the MATEC Web of Conferences.

  16. Sun H, Chen Y, Zhang J, Kuang T (2019) Analytical investigation of tunnel deformation caused by circular foundation pit excavation. Comput Geotech 106:193–198

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Zhang J, Xie R, Zhang H (2018) Mechanical response analysis of the buried pipeline due to adjacent foundation pit excavation. Tunn Undergr Space Technol 78:135–145

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Zhang X, Ou X, Yang J, Fu J (2017) Deformation response of an existing tunnel to upper excavation of foundation pit and associated dewatering. Int J Geomech 17(4):04016112

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Dmochowski G, Szolomicki J (2021) Technical and structural problems related to the interaction between a deep excavation and adjacent existing buildings. Appl Sci 11(2):481

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Yu X, Jia B (2012) Analysis of excavating foundation pit to nearby bridge foundation. Proc Earth Planet Sci 5:102–106

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Zheng G, Wang F, Du Y, Diao Y, Lei Y, Cheng X (2018) The efficiency of the ability of isolation piles to control the deformation of tunnels adjacent to excavations. Int J Civil Eng 16(10):1475–1490

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Gao XH, Tian WP, Zhang ZP (2020) Analysis of deformation characteristics of foundation-pit excavation and circular wall. Sustainability 12(8):3164

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Hashash YM, Marulanda C, Ghaboussi J, Jung S (2006) Novel approach to integration of numerical modeling and field observations for deep excavations. J Geotech Geoenviron Eng 132(8):1019–1031

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Liu GB, Jiang RJ, Ng CW, Hong Y (2011) Deformation characteristics of a 38 m deep excavation in soft clay. Can Geotech J 48(12):1817–1828

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Ren D, Kang C, Liu H, Li Y, Wang J (2022) Characteristics of a large-scale deep foundation pit excavated by the central-island technique in chengdu soft clay. KSCE J Civ Eng 26(6):2610–2623

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Jian P, Lu JF, Zhong YZ (2009) Study of strength parameter of sandy pebble soil based on different density and moisture content. Sci Tech Eng 16(24):257–261

    Google Scholar 

  27. Chen ZC, Mao JQ, Liu JG (2012) Research on displacement and stress of soldier pile structure in foundation pit of metro station in Chengdu. Tunnel Constr 32(3):309–314 ((In Chinese))

    Google Scholar 

  28. Xu XT, Wang JL, Zhao GC (2009) Stability monitoring and analysis of deep foundation pit in excavation. Sichuan Build Sci 04:124–127

    Google Scholar 

  29. Zhao CG (2009). Analysis and prediction of deformation of deep foundation pit in conditions of pile-anchor supporting – taking the aerospace science building foundation pit as an example. Chengdu University of Technology. MSc thesis, Chengdu, Sichuan, China. (In Chinese)

  30. Fu GQ, Lu JX, Yang J (2010) The application study of support for Chengdu clay foundation pits. Acta Geol. Sichuan 30(2):225–228

    Google Scholar 

  31. Gao SJ (2017) Analysis of deformation behavior of the subway foundation pit in cobble stratum in Chengdu area. Southwest Jiaotong University. MSc thesis. Chengdu, Sichuan, China. (In Chinese)

  32. Park I, Kang C, Bayat A (2023) Determination of geotechnical parameters for underground trenchless construction design. Bull Eng Geol Env 82(1):1–30

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. Becker D, Moore I (2006). Canadian Foundation Engineering Manual; Canadian Geotechnical Society, (Bitech Publisher: Vancouver, BC, Canada).

  34. Yang Q, Qian X, Zhu LH, Fan KQ, Chen HX (2014) Numerical simulation and field monitoring of pile anchor supporting structure in deep excavation in Chengdu. Soil Eng Found 28(2):75–79

    Google Scholar 

  35. Wu LB, Tu X, Zhu J, Yuan P (2012) The time-space effect analysis on lateral displacement of a deep-foundation pit in Chengdu. Constr Design Project 2:101–104

    Google Scholar 

  36. Ye Q, Wu QL (2010) Monitoring analysis and deformation characteristics of a deep foundation pit. Chin J Geotech Eng 32(2):541–544

    Google Scholar 

  37. He R (2015). Study on deep excavation technology of the Yin Tai Center. MSc Thesis, Xihua University, Chengdu, China. (In Chinese)

  38. Tang YJ (2016) Chengdu Metro JinJiang Station deformation prediction research. MSc Thesis, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China. (In Chinese)

  39. Xu XT, Wang JL, Zhao CG (2009) Stability monitoring and analysis of deep foundation pit in excavation. Sichuan Build Sci 35(4):124–127

    Google Scholar 

  40. Cao W (2011). Numerical simulation research on deep foundation ditch of Baiyang Building in Chengdu. MSc Thesis, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China. (In Chinese)

  41. Yi T, Yang W, Bao YW, Liu XH (2012) Research on influence of excavation of foundation pit in capitamalls (Chengdu) Tianfu project on bridge pile foundation. Subgrade Eng 162:84–87

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

Dr. Yao Tang from Zhejiang University offered valuable academic support during the paper's revision process. This endeavor received backing from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 51988101) and Chengdu Surveying Geotechnical Research Institute Co., Ltd. of MCC. We express deep gratitude to the editors and the anonymous reviewers for their contributions.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Geotechnical Engineer, Chengdu Surveying Geotechnical Research Institute Co., Ltd. of MCC, Chengdu, Sichuan, China

    Dongxing Ren, Tao Peng, Yin Li & Jilin Wang

  2. Huanghe Science and Technology College, Zhengzhou, Henan, China

    Chao Kang

Authors
  1. Dongxing Ren
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Chao Kang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Tao Peng
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Yin Li
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Jilin Wang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Chao Kang.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of Interest

On behalf of all authors, the corresponding author states that there is no conflict of interest.

Supplementary Information

Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.

Supplementary file1 (DOCX 474 KB)

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Ren, D., Kang, C., Peng, T. et al. Deformation Behavior of a Large-Scale Excavation and the Effect of an Adjacent Foundation Pit on the Excavation. Int J Civ Eng (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40999-024-00960-7

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40999-024-00960-7

Keywords

Search

Navigation