Abstract
A fast converging and fairly accurate nonlinear simulation method to assess the behavior of reinforced concrete columns subjected to static-oriented pushover force and axial loading (sections under biaxial-bending moment and axial loading) is proposed. In the proposed method, the sections of column are discretized into “Variable Oblique Finite Elements” (VOFE). By applying the proposed oblique discretization method, the time of calculation is significantly decreased, and since VOFE are always parallel to neutral axis, a uniform stress distribution along each oblique element is established. Consequently, the variations of stress distribution across an element are quite small which increases the accuracy of the calculations. In the discretization of section, the number of VOFE is significantly smaller than the number of “Fixed Rectangular Finite Elements” (FRFE). The advantages of using VOFE compared to FRFE are faster convergence and more accurate results. The nonlinear local degradation of materials and the pseudo-plastic hinge produced in the critical sections of the column are also considered in the proposed simulation method. A computer program is developed to calculate the local and global behavior of reinforced concrete columns under static-oriented pushover and cyclic loading. The proposed simulation method is validated by the results of tests carried out on the full-scale reinforced concrete columns. The application of the “Components Effects Combination Method” is compared with the proposed “Simultaneous Direct Method” (SDM). The obtained results show the necessity of applying SDM for nonlinear calculations. Especially, during the post-elastic phase, which occurs frequently during earthquake loading.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Rofooei FR, Mirjalili MR, Attari NKA (2011) Spectra combination method for pushover analysis of special steel moment resisting frames. Int J Civ Eng 10(4):245–252
Gurrin A (1968) Traité de béton armé, Tome 2, Le calcul du béton armé, Paris
Yen YJR (1991) Quasi-Newton method for reinforced concrete column analysis and design. J Struct Struct Div ASCE 117(3):657–666
Yau CY, Chan SL, So AKW (1993) Biaxial bending of arbitrarily shaped reinforced concrete column. Structural Journal of ACI, Technical Paper, Title no. 90-S28, 90(3)
Alnoury SI, Chen WF (1982) Behavior and design of reinforced and composite concrete sections. J Struct Div ASCE 108(ST6):1266–1284
Hsu CT, Mirza S (1973) Structural concrete biaxial bending and compression. J Struct Div ASCE 99(ST2):2317–2335
Brondum-Nielsen T (1985) Ultimate flexural capacity of cracked polygonal concrete sections under biaxial bending. Journal of ACI, Technical Paper, no. 82–80, Nov.–Dec., 863–869
Brondum-Nielsen T (1984) Serviceability limit state analysis of concrete sections under biaxial bending. Journal of ACI, no. 5, proceedings vol. 81, Title no. 81-37, Sept.–Oct
Zak L (1993) Computer analysis of reinforced concrete sections under biaxial bending and longitudinal load. Struct J ACI 90(2):163–169
Hashemi SSH, Vaghefi M (2015) Investigation of bond slip effect on the P-M interaction surface of RC columns under biaxial bending. Sci Iran Iournal Trans A 22(2):388–399
Abbasnia R, Mirzadeh N, Kildashti K (2011) Assessment of axial force effect on improved damage index of confined RC beam-column members. Int J Civ Eng 9(3):237–246
Sadeghi K (2014) Analytical stress–strain model and damage index for confined and unconfined concretes to simulate RC structures under cyclic loading. Int J Civ Eng 12(3):333–343
Park R, Kent DC, Sampson RA (1972) Reinforced concrete members with cyclic loading. J Struct Div ASCE 98(7):1341–1359
Comité Euro-International du Béton (1978) Code-Modèle CEB-FIP pour les structures en béton, Bulletin d’information No. 124-125F, vol 1 and 2, Paris
Sheikh SA (1982) A comparative study of confinement models. ACI J 79(4):296–305
Sadeghi K (1995) Simulation numérique du comportement de poteaux en béton arme sous cisaillement dévié alterne. Ph.D. Thesis, Ecole Central de Nantes/Université de Nantes
Lamirault J (1984) Contribution á l’étude du comportement des ossatures en béton armé sous cisaillement normales. Simulation par analyse non linéaire globale. Ph.D. Thesis, Ecole Central de Nantes/Université de Nantes, Nantes
Priestley MJN, Park R (1991) Strength and durability of concrete bridge columns under seismic loading. Struct J ACI 88(4):61–67
Sadeghi K (2011) Energy based structural damage index based on nonlinear numerical simulation of structures subjected to oriented lateral cyclic loading. Int J Civ Eng 9(3):155–164
Garcia Gonzalez JJ (1990) Contribution á l’étude des poteaux en béton armé soumis á un cisaillement dévié alterné. Ph.D. Thesis, Ecole Central de Nantes/Université de Nantes
Sieffert JG, Lamirault J, Garcia Gonzalez JJ (1990) Behavior of R/C columns under static compression and lateral cyclic displacement applied out of symmetrical planes. In: Kratzig WB et al (eds) Structural dynamics, vol 1. Balkema, Rotterdam
Sadeghi K, Lamirault J, Sieffert JG (1993) Damage indicator improvement applied on R/C structures subjected to cyclic loading. Structural Dynamics, Eurodyn’93, Balkema, Rotterdam, vol 1, 129–136
AFPS90 (1990) Combinaison des effets des composantes du mouvement sismique, Recommandations AFPS90 pour la rédaction de règles relative aux ouvrages et installations à réaliser dans les régions sujettes aux séismes, AFPS, 101–105, Paris
Acknowledgments
The technical and financial support of Ecole Centrale de Nantes/University of Nantes and Near East University are appreciated.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Sadeghi, K. Nonlinear Static-Oriented Pushover Analysis of Reinforced Concrete Columns Using Variable Oblique Finite-Element Discretization. Int. J. Civ. Eng. 14, 295–306 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40999-016-0045-y
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40999-016-0045-y