Abstract
This paper investigates a precision wind turbine system (PWTS) integrated multi-area hydro-thermal automatic generation control (AGC) system. A novel supplementary controller named by 3DOF-TIDN is suggested for a multi-area AGC system. Also, the inertia emulation control strategies have been implemented to utilized the stored energy of an accurate model of AHVDC link to establish the frequency deviation in muti-area power system. Birds swarm optimization techniques have been efficiently utilized to determine the optimal control settings of the controllers considering a novel hybrid performance index criterion. The comparison of system dynamic response corresponding to the suggested 3DOF-TIDN and other controllers such as 3DOF-PID, 2DOF-PID revealed that the 3DOF-TIDN exhibits better system dynamics. The study with the integration of a PWTS revealed that the system dynamic responses improved with fixed wind velocity than random wind velocity. The system integrated with Electric vehicle (EV) and AHVDC link shows drastically improved dynamic response compared to AC-tie-line alone. Moreover, studies with the INCE strategy of the AHVDC link revealed that allowing the frequency and tie-power deviation in a multi-area AGC system to some pre-specified value reduces the need for larger dc capacitors.
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Appendix
Appendix
1. Thermal unit | pr1 = pr2 = pr3 = 2000 MW, Fi = 60 Hz, Hi = 5 s, Ri = 1/2.4 Hz p.u.MW, Tgi = 0.080 s, TPsi = 20 s, KPsi = 120 Hz/p.u. MW, FIP = 0.40, FHP = 0.30, FLP = 0.30, TRH = 4.99, Fi = 60 Hz |
2. Hydro unit | Tghi = 0.2 s, Trhi = 28.75 s, Trsi = 5 s |
3. VSC-HVDC tie-line | SVSC = 600 MW, VDC = 300 kV, Number of capacitors = 2, HVSC = 4 s, Nominal loading = 50%, Teqij = 0.1732 |
4. Precise wind turbine system | HWTi = 5.19 s, λoptm,i = 8.76, RWT = 52 mWT, penetration level of wind (Lpi) = 0.004 − 0.01 pu rad/s, 0.5ρAr,i/Sn,i = 0.001451, ωωti = 1.335 pu rad/s, Cpmax = 0.5173, Tfi = 5 s, VWTi = 1.0 pu, Tcon,i = 0.02 s, pitch angle controller = − (150.0 + (25.0/s), β = 0. Controller (PI) Kpt,i = 3, Kpt,i = 3, Kt,i = 0.06 |
5. Electric vehicle | Ri = 2.4 Hz p.u. MW, KEV = 1, TEV = 1 |
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Bhagat, S.K., Saikia, L.C. & Babu, N.R. Inertia Emulation Control Strategy of an Accurate Model of HVDC Link in a Multi-area Automatic Generation Control System Integrated Precise Wind Turbine System. Iran J Sci Technol Trans Electr Eng 48, 143–163 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40998-023-00641-6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40998-023-00641-6