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Converter Applications for Offshore Network Integrating Wind Energy

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Iranian Journal of Science and Technology, Transactions of Electrical Engineering Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The control of modular multilevel converter (MMC) improves the reliability, voltage profile and performance of high voltage direct current (HVDC) system. In this paper control levels i.e., coordinated system control, high level control also known as converter station control, low level control and switching level control or internal converter control are reviewed for MMC HVDC system. Issues or deficiencies in the contemporary control strategies are also discussed. It is also contributed to present a comprehensive review on different control strategies of MMC HVDC system for offshore network of wind farms highlighting their problems and challenges. The main contribution of this paper is highlighting the problems in contemporary wind turbine control system as they are not grid forming and cannot black start an offshore wind farm in an uncontrolled DR-based HVDC system. Moreover, offshore wind turbine control system potential problems and challenges are also discussed that can occur while connected with diode rectifier/current source converter-based HVDC system.

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Abbreviations

MMC:

Modular multilevel converter

HVDC:

High voltage direct current

DR:

Diode rectifier

DRU:

Diode rectifier unit

HVAC:

High voltage alternating current

CSC:

Current source converter

LCC:

Line commuted converters

VSC:

Voltage source converter

SM:

Sub module

HB:

Half bridge

FB:

Full bridge

CD:

Clamp double

NPC:

Neutral point clamped

FC:

Flying capacitor

FLCC:

Five level cross connected

MTDC:

Multi terminal DC

PI:

Propotional integral

SMC:

Sliding mode control

MPC:

Model predictive control

PLL:

Phase locked loop

PCC:

Point of common coupling

OWF:

Offshore wind farm

WT:

Wind turbine

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  1. Electrical Engineering Department, Bahria University Karachi Campus, Karachi, Pakistan

    Muhammad Waleed Raza, Muhammad Raza & Fazal Muhammad

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Funding for this research was received from Higher Education Commission Pakistan and Bahria University Karachi Campus.

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Raza, M.W., Raza, M. & Muhammad, F. Converter Applications for Offshore Network Integrating Wind Energy. Iran J Sci Technol Trans Electr Eng 46, 621–639 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40998-022-00496-3

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