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Solution of the Optimal Power Flow Problem Considering FACTS Devices by Using Lightning Search Algorithm

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Abstract

In this study, the optimal power flow (OPF) problem including flexible AC transmission systems (FACTS) devices, ever increasing in the planning and operating of the modern power systems has been addressed. The thyristor-controlled series capacitor and the thyristor-controlled phase shifter are used as FACTS devices. The solution to this problem is proposed by using a new heuristic algorithm known as the lightning search algorithm (LSA) based on the phenomenon of lighting. The LSA method is generalized from the mechanism of step leader propagation. The performance, success and robustness in the solution of this problem of the LSA are evaluated and tested on IEEE test systems, which are the modified IEEE 30-bus and IEEE 57-bus test systems. The multi-objective functions are used in the solution analysis processes of this problem. These objective functions are defined as the minimization of the fuel cost, minimization of the emission and minimization of the active power loss of the test system. The numerical results of the LSA are compared to different methods presented in the recent literature, which are ant lion optimizer, grey wolf optimizer, dragonfly algorithm, moth-flame optimization. The outcomes obtained from simulation study indicate the potential of the LSA method in solving the OPF problem including FACTS devices for operating and planning of the modern power systems.

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Abbreviations

δ i, δ j :

Angles of the ith and jth buses

V i, V j :

Voltage magnitudes of the ith and jth buses

P ij, Q ij :

Active and reactive power flows between the ith and jth buses

R ij, X ij :

Resistance and reactance of transmission line between the ith and jth buses

X new :

Reactance of transmission line with TCSC integrated in between the ith and jth buses

f :

Objective function of the problem

g :

Equality limitations of the problem

h :

Inequality limitations of the problem

h l, h u :

Represented minimum and maximum limits of the inequality constraints

P slack :

The active power value of generator in the slack bus

V L :

The voltage magnitude values of all the load buses of the test system

Q G :

The reactive power of the generating units of the test system

NL:

The total number of the all load buses of the test system

NG:

The total number of the generating units of the test system

NTL:

The total number of transmission lines of the test system

P G :

The active power output values of the generating units excluding at the slack bus in test system

V G :

The terminal voltage values of the generating units

Q C :

Shunt VAR compensator

T :

The transformer tap ratio

TCSC:

The operating range value of TCSC device

Φ :

Phase shift angle of the TCPS

NC:

The number of shunt VAR compensator

NT:

The number of tap regulating transformers

N :

The total number of TCSC devices installed in the test systems

NTCPS:

The total number of TCPS devices in the test systems

P Li, Q Li :

Demand active and reactive power in the ith load bus

P Gi, Q Gi :

Active and reactive power of the ith generating unit

P is, Q is :

Injected active and reactive power of TCPS at ith bus

NB:

The number of all buses in the test system

Y ij :

Admittance value of the transmission line connected between ith and jth buses

θ ij :

Admittance angle of the transmission line connected between ith and jth buses

v p :

The current velocities of the projectile

v 0 :

The initial velocities of the projectile

c :

The speed of light

F i :

The constant ionization rate

m :

The mass of the projectile

s :

The length of the path traveled

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Duzce University, Duzce, Turkey

    Serhat Duman

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  1. Serhat Duman
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Correspondence to Serhat Duman.

Appendix

Appendix

See Table 14.

Table 14 Setting parameters of the LSA method and other optimization methods for the OPF problem with FACTS devices
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Duman, S. Solution of the Optimal Power Flow Problem Considering FACTS Devices by Using Lightning Search Algorithm. Iran J Sci Technol Trans Electr Eng 43, 969–997 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40998-019-00199-2

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