Abstract
The noise induced by cavitation in a centrifugal pump is investigated by collecting the noise of the centrifugal pump under different available net positive suction heads (NPSHa) in the rated flow through experiments. Experimental results are combined with numerical calculations to establish the relationship between cavitation degrees and noise. Firstly, the collected noise signal is denoised using the independent component analysis (ICA) method, and combined with time domain, Fast Fourier transform (FFT), wavelet transform (WT), and spectral proper orthogonal decomposition (SPOD) methods to analyse the characteristics of cavitation noise signal after noise reduction. After being denoised by ICA, the noise signal can effectively reflect the inception and development of cavitation. In the frequency domain, the typical frequency band of noise induced by cavitation is 2 ~ 8 kHz. During severe cavitation, the amplitude of the shaft and blade frequency in the low-frequency band (0 ~ 600 Hz) gradually decreases until they become low-frequency broadband signals. In the time–frequency domain, when cavitation develops to an unstable cavitation state, the 0 ~ 1 kHz noise amplitude fluctuates irregularly. Finally, the coherent structure of cavitation noise feature signals is established using the SPOD method. Higher-order modes 3 and 4 can capture the characteristic changes of the centrifugal pump cavitation noise at different NPSHa.
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Abbreviations
- NPSHa:
-
The available net positive suction head
- NPSHc:
-
The head drops by 3% to meet the engineering
- f 0 :
-
The shaft frequency
- Q d :
-
The design flow rate of the centrifugal pump.
- D 1 :
-
Inlet diameter of impeller
- D 2 :
-
Outlet diameter of impeller
- D 3 :
-
Basic circle of volute
- b 3 :
-
Volute width
- f 0 :
-
Shaft frequency
- n :
-
Rotate speed
- \({\varvec{x}}\) :
-
The noise signal
- \({\varvec{w}}_{{\varvec{i}}}^{{}}\) :
-
A weight vector of the separation matrix \(W\)
- \({\varvec{G}}\) :
-
A non-quadratic form function
- \({\varvec{v}}\) :
-
A random variable subject to standard normal distribution
- \({\varvec{J}}\left( {{\varvec{y}}_{{\varvec{i}}} } \right)\) :
-
A Gaussian variable with the same covariance matrix as \({\varvec{y}}\)
- \(U(\omega )\) :
-
The unit step
- \(a_{P,\gamma }\) :
-
A normalizing constant
- \(p^{2}\) :
-
The time-bandwidth product
- \(\gamma\) :
-
The characterizes the symmetry of the Morse wavelet
- \(C\) :
-
m × m Real symmetric matrix
- \(p_{{{\text{inlet}}}}\) :
-
The pump inlet pressure
- \(p_{v}\) :
-
The liquid's saturation vapor pressure.
- \(\rho\) :
-
The density of the liquid
- \(g\) :
-
The acceleration of gravity
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The authors gratefully acknowledge the support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 52009115, No. U23A20669).
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JL: Experiments, writing original draft, Writing review & editing. LI: Investigation, Formal analysis. Yong Gong: Prepared figures. XL: Methodology. SY: Supervision. BZ: Formal analysis.
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Lu, J., Li, L., Gong, Y. et al. Experimental and Numerical Investigations of the Noise Induced by Cavitation in a Centrifugal Pump. Iran J Sci Technol Trans Mech Eng (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40997-023-00749-4
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40997-023-00749-4