Abstract
The pulsed-electromagnetic permanent magnet (PPM) technique is an attractive magnetic control technology for applying blank holding force (BHF) during the deep drawing of the non-ferromagnetic sheet. In this paper, a novel PPM blank holder technique was developed to apply BHF on metal sheet. The different process parameters are considered in the two sets of pole cores for achieving Magnetic state (M state) and Non-magnetic state (N state). The results show that current is only instantaneously imposed when switching magnetic force state, and not at other times. Also, the feasibility of the PPM blank holder technique is proven by a series of experiments using H68 copper sheet. The result indicates that the BHF applied by the PPM system is large enough for the deep drawing process of the copper sheet. The BHF applied by PPM force has the advantages of easy control, low energy consumption, and no overheating problems.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Cao QL, Han XT, Lai ZP et al (2015) Analysis and reduction of coil temperature rise in electro-magnetic forming. J Mater Process Technol 225:185–194. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2015.02.006
El Mrabti I, Touache A, El Hakimi A, Chamat A (2021) Springback optimization of deep drawing process based on FEM-ANN-PSO strategy. Struct Multidiscip Optim 64(1):321–333. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00158-021-02861-y
Gunnarsson L, Asnafi N, Schedin E (1998) In-Process Control of Blank Holder Force in Axi-Symmetric Deep Drawing with Degressive Gas 73(1–3):89–96. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0924-0136(97)00217-3
Hardt DE, Lee CGY (1986) Real-time control of sheet stability during stamping. In: Proceedings of the 13th North American manufacturing research conference. Society of Manufacturing Engineers, Dearborn, pp 315–322
Hassan MA, Takakura N, Yamaguchi K (2003) Friction aided deep drawing using newly developed blank-holder divided into eight segments. Int J Mach Tools Manuf 43(6):637–646. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0890-6955(02)00042-1
He P, Zhou L, Wu P, Huang M (2021) Experimental determination of the Hosford yield function exponential parameter for metal plates. J Brazilian Soc Mech Sci Eng. 43(5):1–11. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40430-021-02949-y
Huang Y, Lai Z, Cao Q et al (2019) Controllable pulsed electromagnetic blank holder method for electromagnetic sheet metal forming. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 03(9–12):4507–4517. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-019-03922-9
Hyrcza-Michalska M (2017) Research on liquid forming process of nickel superalloys thin sheet metals. Arch Metall Mater 62(4):2355–2358. https://doi.org/10.1515/amm-2017-0346
Kuo CC, Liu KW, Li TC, Wu DY, Lin BT (2022) Numerical simulation and optimization of fine-blanking process for copper alloy sheet. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 119(1–2):1283–1300. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-021-08225-6
Lai ZP, Cao QL, Han XT et al (2016) Design, implementation, and testing of a pulsed electromagnetic blank holder system. IEEE Trans Appl Supercond 26(4):1–5. https://doi.org/10.1109/TASC.2016.2526028
Lee CK, Lee M, Yun JW (2021) A study of the domed drawing displacement characteristics of a high-tension steel plate (SGAFC980). J Brazilian Soc Mech Sci Eng 43(11):1–14. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40430-021-03221-z
Li H, Wang Q, He F, Zheng Y, Sun Y (2019) Design, numerical simulation, and experimental validation of a novel electromagnetic blank holding system for conventional drawing process. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 102(5–8):2183–2193. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-018-03225-5
Merkani MS, Parvizi A (2022) Optimization of deep drawing products by adding effect of texture pattern in draw bead design. J Brazilian Soc Mech Sci Eng 44(1):1–16. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40430-021-03340-7
Mirza HA, Lang L, Tabasum MN, Meng Z, Alexandrov S, Jiang J (2022) An investigation into the forming of fiber metal laminates with different thickness metal skins using hydromechanical deep drawing. Appl Compos Mater. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10443-022-10024-5
Mu YY, Li F, Li C, Zang YQ, Xu J (2021) Mechanism of pre-deformation effect on sheet deep-drawing forming under magnetic field condition using a magnetorheological fluid (MRF) medium. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 116(3–4):863–875. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-021-07481-w
Nakamura K, Nakagawa T (1984) Hydraulic contour-pressure deep drawing assisted by radial pressure. In: Proceedings of the first ICTP conference on advanced technology of plasticity, Tokyo, vol 2, pp 775–781
Oberlander K (1982) The hydromechanical deep drawing of sheet metals. II. Blech Rohre Profile 4:161–164
Önder IE, Tekkaya AE (2005) Comparison of conventional deep drawing, hydromechanical deep-drawing and high pressure sheet metal forming by numerical experiments. AIP Conf Proc 778:563–568. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2011281
Park GY, Kwak HS, Jang HS, Kim C (2022) Deep drawing process using a tractrix die for manufacturing liners for a CNG high-pressure vessel (type II). Chin J Mech Eng. https://doi.org/10.1186/s10033-022-00681-9
Qin S, Cheng X, Zhang H, Lu T, Gu T, Meng L (2020a) Analyses of thermal field and coupled magnetic-mechanical field in electro-permanent magnet blank holder technique. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 110(1–2):499–510. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-020-05891-w
Qin S, Zhang H, Mao Y et al (2020b) Electropermanent magnet blank holder technique in sheet metal deep drawing. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 106(11–12):5497–5507. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-020-05001-w
Seo YR (2008) Electromagnetic blank restrainer in sheet metal forming processes. Int J Mech Sci 50(4):743–751. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmecsci.2007.11.008
Siegert K, Doege E (1993) CNC hydraulic multipoint blankholder system for sheet metal forming presses. Cirpann ManufTechnol 42(1):319–322. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0007-8506(07)62452-4
Thiruvarudchelvan S, Tan MJ (2007) Fluid-pressure-assisted deep drawing. J Mater Process Technol 192–193:8–12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2007.04.036
Zhang HS, Qin SJ (2022) A novel process of deep drawing based on electro-permanent magnet combined segmental blank holder technique. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 118(11–12):3883–3896. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-021-07920-8
Funding
The authors are pleased to acknowledge the financial support of National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51675466), and the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province of China (No. E2021203043). The work is also supported by the Science and Technology Research and Development Program of Qinhuangdao city (No. 202004A005).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
Zhang, H., Li, C., Qin, S. et al. A Forming Strategy of Copper Parts with Permanent Magnet Holding System. Iran J Sci Technol Trans Mech Eng 47, 717–727 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40997-022-00540-x
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40997-022-00540-x