Abstract
“Fiber-reinforced concretes” are increasingly being used, among which steel fibers with stirrups are inevitably used. Since limited research has been conducted in this area, little is known about how SFRC beams with stirrups are designed. Only a few guidelines are embedded in ACI 318 for minimum shear reinforcement of SFRC beams. This study performed an experimental program to explore the combined effects of stirrups and steel fibers on the shear strength of SFRC beams. Thus, twenty beams with different fiber volume fraction, compressive strength of concrete and stirrups were fabricated and tested. A new equation was formulated for the shear strength of SFRC beams by employing the GP technique. This equation performed well in terms of accuracy compared to the experimental results and other equations proposed in previous works. Experimental and analytical results indicated that the combined effects of stirrups and steel fibers on the shear strength of SFRC beams are not identical to the total effects of applying them alone.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
ACI (American Concrete Institute) (2019) Building code requirements for reinforced concrete. ACI 67:318–319
Amin A, Foster SJ (2016) Shear strength of steel fibre reinforced concrete beams with stirrups. Eng Struct 111:323–332. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2015.12.026
Aoude H, Belghiti M, Cook WD, Mitchell D (2012) Response of steel fiber-reinforced concrete beams with and without stirrups. ACI Struct J 109:359–367
Bencardino F, Rizzuti L, Spadea G, Swamy R (2010) Experimental evaluation of fiber reinforced concrete fracture properties. Compos B Eng 41:17–24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2009.09.002
Cucchiara C, La Mendola L, Papia M (2004) Effectiveness of stirrups and steel fibres as shear reinforcement. Cem Conc Compos 26:777–786. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2003.07.001
Cuenca E, Conforti A, Minelli F, Plizzari GA, Gregori JN, Serna P (2018) A material-performance-based database for FRC and RC elements under shear loading. Mater Struct 51:11. https://doi.org/10.1617/s11527-017-1130-7
Deluce JR, (2011). Cracking behaviour of steel fibre reinforced concrete containing conventional steel reinforcemen. PhD Thesis, University of Toronto.
Dinh HH (2009) Shear behavior of steel fiber reinforced concrete beams without stirrup reinforcement. PhD Thesis, University of Michigan.
Dinh HH, Parra-Montesinos GJ, Wight JK (2010) Shear strength model for steel fiber reinforced concrete beams without stirrup reinforcement. J Struct Eng 137:1039–1051. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0000362
Fib (2010) Fib model code for concrete structures 2010. Lausanne, Switzerland
Foster SJ, Agarwal A, Amin A (2018) Design of steel fiber reinforced concrete beams for shear using inverse analysis for determination of residual tensile strength. Struct Conc 19:129–140. https://doi.org/10.1002/suco.201700100
Gali S, Subramaniam KV (2019) Efficiency of steel fibers in shear resistance of reinforced concrete beams without stirrups at different moment-to-shear ratios. Eng Struct 188:249–260. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2019.03.015
Gandomi AH, Alavi AH, Yun GJ (2011) Nonlinear modeling of shear strength of SFRC beams using linear genetic programming. Struct Eng Mech 38:1–25. https://doi.org/10.12989/sem.2011.38.1.001
Koza JR (1994) Genetic programming as a means for programming computers by natural selection. Stat Comput 4:87–112. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00175355
Kwak Y-K, Eberhard MO, Kim W-S, Kim J (2002) Shear strength of steel fiber-reinforced concrete beams without stirrups. ACI Struct J 99:530–538
Marí Bernat A, Spinella N, Recupero A, Cladera A (2020) Mechanical model for the shear strength of steel fiber reinforced concrete (SFRC) beams without stirrups. Mater Struct 53:1–20. https://doi.org/10.1617/s11527-020-01461-4
Mihai IC, Jefferson AD, Lyons P (2016) A plastic-damage constitutive model for the finite element analysis of fibre reinforced concrete. Eng Fract Mech 159:35–62. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engfracmech.2015.12.035
Minelli F, Conforti A, Cuenca E, Plizzari G (2014) Are steel fibres able to mitigate or eliminate size effect in shear? Mater Struct 47:459–473. https://doi.org/10.1617/s11527-013-0072-y
Moradi M, Bagherieh AR, Esfahani MR (2018) Damage and plasticity constants of conventional and high-strength concrete part II: statistical equation development using genetic programming. Int J Optim Civil Eng 8:135–158. http://ijoce.iust.ac.ir/article-1-334-en.html
Moradi M, Bagherieh AR, Esfahani MR (2019) Tensile modeling of steel fiber reinforced concrete. Asian J Civil Eng 20:269–280. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42107-018-00104-y
Moradi M, Bagherieh AR, Esfahani MR (2020) Constitutive modeling of steel fiber-reinforced concrete. Int J Damage Mech 29:388–412. https://doi.org/10.1177/1056789519851159
Navas FO, Navarro-Gregori J, Herdocia GL, Serna P, Cuenca E (2018) An experimental study on the shear behaviour of reinforced concrete beams with macro-synthetic fibres. Const Build Mater 169:888–899. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.02.023
Shahnewaz M, Tannert MSAT (2016) Shear strength prediction of steel fiber reinforced concrete beams from genetic programming and its sensitivity analysis. In: FRC: the modern landscape BEFIB 2016 9th rilem international symposium on fiber reinforced concrete.
Silva S, Almeida J (2003) GPLAB-a genetic programming toolbox for MATLAB. In: Proceedings of the Nordic MATLAB conference. Citeseer, pp 273–278
Spinella N, Colajanni P, La Mendola L (2012) Nonlinear analysis of beams reinforced in shear with stirrups and steel fibers. ACI Struct J 109:53
Sumathi A, Mohan KSR (2019) Effect of steel fiber on structural characteristics of high-strength concrete. Iran J Sci Technol Trans Civil Eng 43:117–130. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40996-018-0152-x
Swamy R (1975) Fibre reinforcement of cement and concrete. Matériaux Const 8:235–254. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02475172
Yoo D-Y, Yang J-M (2018) Effects of stirrup, steel fiber, and beam size on shear behavior of high-strength concrete beams. Cem Conc Compos 87:137–148. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2017.12.010
Yoo D-Y, Yuan T, Yang J-M, Yoon Y-S (2017) Feasibility of replacing minimum shear reinforcement with steel fibers for sustainable high-strength concrete beams. Eng Struct 147:207–222. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2017.06.004
Yuan T-F, Yoo D-Y, Yang J-M, Yoon Y-S (2020) Shear capacity contribution of steel fiber reinforced high-strength concrete compared with and without stirrup. Int J Conc Struct Mater 14:1–15. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40069-020-0396-2
Acknowledgements
The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.
Supplementary Information
Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Moradi, M., Aletaha, S.H., Asadzadeh, E. et al. Shear Strength of Fiber-Reinforced Concrete Beams with Stirrups. Iran J Sci Technol Trans Civ Eng 46, 865–882 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40996-021-00633-8
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40996-021-00633-8