Abstract
The antibiotic-contaminated water treatment is an important step for pollutant reduction and the promotion of water environment quality. Uncertainty in wastewater treatment technology, fluctuations in effluent water quality, and operation costs cause an emerging issue to develop materials effective for the removal of antibiotics. The environment-friendly clay such as vermiculite could be potentially promising candidates for removing 6-APA (6-aminopenicillanic) from pharmaceutical effluent. Antibiotic removal was achieved by using an eco-friendly, time-saving, powerful, and easy applying synthesis method via tetraethoxysilane (Si). Expert systems are widely powerful tools for minimizing the complexities and complications in wastewater treatment. Response surface methodology (RSM) and adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) models were used to develop systematically predicting interactions of synthesis conditions on 6-APA adsorption capacity and optimize the best amount of compound. The three parameters of the amount of adsorbent (weight.), initial concentration (mg/mL), and reaction time (min) are selected as input and the adsorption capacity (mg/g) were computed as the output of the models. The effect of process variables investigated by RSM through central composite design matrix and the results compared with ANFIS model. The maximum amount of adsorption capacity predicted by RSM for VMT and VMT-Si were 162.5 and 179.8 mg/g, respectively. The suggested models were successfully validated with the acceptable confidence levels 0.99 and 0.97, for VMT and VMT-Si using RSM and 0.99 and 0.99 by ANFIS. ANFIS model demonstrated higher predictive capability than RSM model based on the good agreement in predictable dataset to experimental data.
Similar content being viewed by others
Data Availability Statement
The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
References
Agatonovic-Kustrin S, Beresford R (2000) Basic concepts of artificial neural network (ANN) modeling and its application in pharmaceutical research. J Pharm Biomed Anal 22:717–727. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0731-7085(99)00272-1
Aghaeinejad-Meybodi A, Ebadi A, Shafiei S, Khataee AR, Rostampour M (2015) Modeling and optimization of antidepressant drug Fluoxetine removal in aqueous media by ozone/H2O2 process: comparison of central composite design and artificial neural network approaches. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 48:40–48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtice.2014.10.022
Ahmed MB, Zhou JL, Ngo HH, Guo W (2015) Adsorptive removal of antibiotics from water and wastewater: progress and challenges. Sci Total Environ 532:112–126
Almasi A, Mohammadi M, Baniamerian F, Berizi Z, Almasi M, Pariz Z (2019) Modeling of antibiotic degradation in sonophotocatalytic process, increasing biodegradability and process optimization by response surface methodology (RSM). Int J Environ Sci Technol 16:1–12
Antón-Herrero R, García-Delgado C, Alonso-Izquierdo M, García-Rodríguez G, Cuevas J, Eymar E (2018) Comparative adsorption of tetracyclines on biochars and stevensite: looking for the most effective adsorbent. Appl Clay Sci 160:162–172
Asabuwa Ngwabebhoh F, Yildiz U (2019) Pyrocatechol recovery from aqueous phase by nanocellulose-based platelet-shaped gels: response surface methodology and artificial neural network design study. J Environ Eng 145:04018140
Azqhandi MHA, Foroughi M, Yazdankish E (2019) A highly effective, recyclable, and novel host-guest nanocomposite for Triclosan removal: a comprehensive modeling and optimization-based adsorption study. J Colloid Interface Sci 551:195–207. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2019.05.007
Baş D, Boyacı İH (2007) Modeling and optimization II: comparison of estimation capabilities of response surface methodology with artificial neural networks in a biochemical reaction. J Food Eng 78:846–854. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2005.11.025
Benyounis K, Olabi A, Hashmi M (2005) Effect of laser welding parameters on the heat input and weld-bead profile. J Mater Process Technol 164:978–985
Cole WJ, Powell KM, Edgar TF (2012) Optimization and advanced control of thermal energy storage systems. Rev Chem Eng 28:81–99
De Oliveira T et al (2018) Competitive association of antibiotics with a clay mineral and organoclay derivatives as a control of their lifetimes in the environment. ACS Omega 3:15332–15342
Derakhsheshpoor R, Homayoonfal M, Akbari A, Mehrnia MR (2013) Amoxicillin separation from pharmaceutical wastewater by high permeability polysulfone nanofiltration membrane. J Environ Health Sci Eng 11:9
Deshmukh RK, Naik JB (2016) Optimization of spray-dried diclofenac sodium-loaded microspheres by screening design. Drying Technol 34:1593–1603
Dos Santos E et al (2017) Ciprofloxacin intercalated in fluorohectorite clay: identical pure drug activity and toxicity with higher adsorption and controlled release rate. RSC Adv 7:26537–26545
Douroumis D, Hadjileontiadis LJ, Fahr A (2006) Adaptive neuro-fuzzy modeling of poorly soluble drug formulations. Pharm Res 23:1157–1164. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11095-006-0021-3
Dutta M, Baruah R, Dutta NN (1997) Adsorption of 6-aminopenicillanic acid on activated carbon. Sep Purif Technol 12:99–108. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1383-5866(97)00033-6
Dutta M, Dutta NN, Bhattacharya KG (1999) Aqueous phase adsorption of certain beta-lactam antibiotics onto polymeric resins and activated carbon. Sep Purif Technol 16:213–224. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1383-5866(99)00011-8
Elmolla ES, Chaudhuri M (2010) Comparison of different advanced oxidation processes for treatment of antibiotic aqueous solution. Desalination 256:43–47
Fakhri A, Behrouz S (2015) Comparison studies of adsorption properties of MgO nanoparticles and ZnO–MgO nanocomposites for linezolid antibiotic removal from aqueous solution using response surface methodology. Process Saf Environ Protect 94:37–43
Fattahi H, Agah A, Soleimanpourmoghadam N (2018) Multi-output adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system for prediction of dissolved metal levels in acid rock drainage: a case study. J AI Data Min 6:121–132
Foroughi M, Chavoshi S, Bagheri M, Yetilmezsoy K, Samadi MT (2018) Alum-based sludge (AbS) recycling for turbidity removal in drinking water treatment: an insight into statistical, technical, and health-related standpoints. J Mater Cycles Waste Manag 20:1999–2017
Foroughi M, Rahmani AR, Asgari G, Nematollahi D, Yetilmezsoy K, Samarghandi MR (2019) Optimization and modeling of tetracycline removal from wastewater by three-dimensional electrochemical system: application of response surface methodology and least squares support vector machine. Environ Model Assess 25:1–15
Froehner S, Machado KS, Falcão F (2010) Adsorption of dibenzothiophene by vermiculite in hydrophobic form, impregnated with copper ions and in natural form. Water Air Soil Pollut 209:357–363
Gaynes R (2017) The discovery of penicillin—new insights after more than 75 years of clinical use. Emerg Infect Dis 23:849
Gerivani Z, Ghasemi N, Qomi M, Abdollahi M, Maleki Rad AA (2018) Prediction of rizatriptan trace level in biological samples: an application of the adaptive-network-based fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) in assisting drug dose monitoring. J Liq Chromatogr Relat Technol 41:101–106. https://doi.org/10.1080/10826076.2017.1419961
Huerta B et al (2013) Exploring the links between antibiotic occurrence, antibiotic resistance, and bacterial communities in water supply reservoirs. Sci Total Environ 456:161–170
Igwegbe CA, Mohmmadi L, Ahmadi S, Rahdar A, Khadkhodaiy D, Dehghani R, Rahdar S (2019) Modeling of adsorption of methylene blue dye on Ho-CaWO4 nanoparticles using response surface methodology (RSM) and artificial neural network (ANN) techniques. MethodsX 6:1779–1797
Jamshidi M, Ghaedi M, Dashtian K, Hajati S, Bazrafshan A (2015) Ultrasound-assisted removal of Al 3+ ions and Alizarin red S by activated carbon engrafted with Ag nanoparticles: central composite design and genetic algorithm optimization. RSC Adv 5:59522–59532
Jang J-S (1993) ANFIS: adaptive-network-based fuzzy inference system. IEEE Trans Syst Man Cybern 23:665–685
Khodaei-mehr J, Tangestanizadeh S, Vatankhah R, Sharifi M (2018) ANFIS-based optimal control of hepatitis C virus epidemic. IFAC-PapersOnLine 51:539–544. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2018.09.211
Liu S et al (2017) Preparation and characterization of organo-vermiculite based on phosphatidylcholine and adsorption of two typical antibiotics. Appl Clay Sci 137:160–167
Maged A, Iqbal J, Kharbish S, Ismael IS, Bhatnagar A (2020) Tuning tetracycline removal from aqueous solution onto activated 2:1 layered clay mineral: characterization, sorption and mechanistic studies. J Hazard Mater 384:121320. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121320
Marzbali MH, Esmaieli M (2017) Fixed bed adsorption of tetracycline on a mesoporous activated carbon: experimental study and neuro-fuzzy modeling. J Appl Res Technol 15:454–463. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jart.2017.05.003
Miletić T, Ibrić S, Đurić Z (2014) Combined Application of experimental design and artificial neural networks in modeling and characterization of spray drying drug: cyclodextrin complexes. Drying Technol 32:167–179. https://doi.org/10.1080/07373937.2013.811593
Mosaleheh N, Sarvi MN (2020) Minimizing the residual antimicrobial activity of tetracycline after adsorption into the montmorillonite: effect of organic modification. Environ Res 182:109056. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2019.109056
Mourabet M, El Rhilassi A, Bennani-Ziatni M, Taitai A (2014) Comparative study of artificial neural network and response surface methodology for modelling and optimization the adsorption capacity of fluoride onto apatitic tricalcium phosphate. Universal J Appl Math 2:84–91
Moussavi G, Alahabadi A, Yaghmaeian K, Eskandari M (2013) Preparation, characterization and adsorption potential of the NH4Cl-induced activated carbon for the removal of amoxicillin antibiotic from water. Chem Eng J 217:119–128
Mullai P, Arulselvi S, Ngo H-H, Sabarathinam PL (2011) Experiments and ANFIS modelling for the biodegradation of penicillin-G wastewater using anaerobic hybrid reactor. Biores Technol 102:5492–5497. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2011.01.085
Niknam Shahrak M, Esfandyari M, Karimi M (2019) Efficient prediction of water vapor adsorption capacity in porous metal–organic framework materials: ANN and ANFIS modeling. J Iran Chem Soc 16:11–20. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13738-018-1476-y
Olusegun SJ, Mohallem ND (2020) Comparative adsorption mechanism of doxycycline and Congo red using synthesized kaolinite supported CoFe2O4 nanoparticles. Environ Pollut 260:114019
Park M, Shim I-K, Jung E-Y, Choy J-H (2004) Modification of external surface of laponite by silane grafting. J Phys Chem Solids 65:499–501
Park J, Yamashita N, Park C, Shimono T, Takeuchi DM, Tanaka H (2017) Removal characteristics of pharmaceuticals and personal care products: comparison between membrane bioreactor and various biological treatment processes. Chemosphere 179:347–358
Patil LD, Verma U, Patil UD, Naik JB, Narkhede JS (2019) Inclusion of aceclofenac in mesoporous silica nanoparticles: drug release study and statistical optimization of encapsulation efficiency by response surface methodology. Mater Technol 34:751–763
Pirdashti M, Curteanu S, Kamangar MH, Hassim MH, Khatami MA (2013) Artificial neural networks: applications in chemical engineering. Rev Chem Eng 29:205–239
Ramanayaka S, Sarkar B, Cooray AT, Ok YS, Vithanage M (2020) Halloysite nanoclay supported adsorptive removal of oxytetracycline antibiotic from aqueous media. J Hazard Mater 384:121301
Rebouh S, Bouhedda M, Lefnaoui S, Yahoum MM, Hanini S (2018) Adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system for modeling the cephalexin (CFX) adsorption on the octenyl succinic anhydride starch. In: 2018 international conference on applied smart systems (ICASS). IEEE, pp 1–7
Sadeghalvad B, Azadmehr A, Hezarkhani A (2016) Enhancing adsorptive removal of sulfate by metal layered double hydroxide functionalized Quartz-Albitophire iron ore waste: preparation, characterization and properties. RSC Adv 6:67630–67642
Saini R, Kumar P (2016) Optimization of chlorpyrifos degradation by Fenton oxidation using CCD and ANFIS computing technique. J Environ Chem Eng 4:2952–2963. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2016.06.003
Serna-Galvis EA, Silva-Agredo J, Giraldo AL, Flórez OA, Torres-Palma RA (2016) Comparison of route, mechanism and extent of treatment for the degradation of a β-lactam antibiotic by TiO2 photocatalysis, sonochemistry, electrochemistry and the photo-Fenton system. Chem Eng J 284:953–962
Shacham M, Brauner N (2008) Preventing oscillatory behavior in error control for ODEs. Comput Chem Eng 32:409–419
Singh H, Rana PS, Singh U (2018) Prediction of drug synergy in cancer using ensemble-based machine learning techniques. Mod Phys Lett B 32:1850132
Soleimanpour Moghadam N, Azadmehr A, Hezarkhani A (2021) Extended release of 6-aminopenicillanic acid by silanol group functionalized vermiculite. J Dispers Sci Technol. https://doi.org/10.1080/01932691.2020.1850291
Sun Y, Peng Y, Chen Y, Shukla AJ (2003) Application of artificial neural networks in the design of controlled release drug delivery systems. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 55:1201–1215
Takayama K, Fujikawa M, Obata Y, Morishita M (2003) Neural network based optimization of drug formulations. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 55:1217–1231. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-409X(03)00120-0
Teixeira S, Delerue-Matos C, Santos L (2019) Application of experimental design methodology to optimize antibiotics removal by walnut shell based activated carbon. Sci Total Environ 646:168–176
Tran ML, Deng S-W, Fu C-C, Juang R-S (2020) Efficient removal of antibiotic oxytetracycline from water using optimized montmorillonite-supported zero-valent iron nanocomposites. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 27:30853–30867
Tri NN, Nguyen MT, Trung NT (2020) A molecular level insight into adsorption of β-lactam antibiotics on vermiculite surface. Surf Sci 695:121588. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.susc.2020.121588
Turan NG, Mesci B, Ozgonenel O (2011) The use of artificial neural networks (ANN) for modeling of adsorption of Cu (II) from industrial leachate by pumice. Chem Eng J 171:1091–1097
Wu M et al (2019) Competitive adsorption of antibiotic tetracycline and ciprofloxacin on montmorillonite. Appl Clay Sci 180:105175
Yabalak E (2018) Degradation of ticarcillin by subcritical water oxidation method: application of response surface methodology and artificial neural network modeling. J Environ Sci Health Part A 53:975–985
Yabalak E, Döndaş HA, Gizir AM (2017) Subcritical water oxidation of 6-aminopenicillanic acid and cloxacillin using H2O2, K2S2O8, and O2. J Environ Sci Health Part A 52:210–220. https://doi.org/10.1080/10934529.2016.1246935
Zhou QQ, Purvis M, Kasabov N (1997) A membership function selection method for fuzzy neural networks. Proc ICONIP 1997:785–788
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
Ms. NSM conceived and wrote the article and analyzed the data. Dr AA designed the experiments, analyzed the data and edited the article. Prof AH helped to analyze the data.
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors declared that they have no conflict of interest.
Human and Animal Rights Participant
This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors. Additional informed consent was obtained from all individuals for whom identifying information is included in this article.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Soleimanpour Moghadam, N., Azadmehr, A. & Hezarkhani, A. Comparative Study of Response Surface Methodology and Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System for Removal of 6-APA. Iran J Sci Technol Trans Sci 45, 1645–1656 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40995-021-01130-3
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40995-021-01130-3