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Aquatic nanotoxicology: impact of carbon nanomaterials on algal flora

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Abstract

Currently, different nanomaterials are being used in various commercial products in different sectors. Among them, carbon nanomaterials are one of the most promising engineered nanoforms of material. The excellent flexibility and capability to conduct electricity and heat make them suitable for many industrial purposes. It is predicted that nanomaterials production volumes will be increasing constantly during the next decades. However, the question arises what would be the impact of this wide usage of carbon nanomaterials on the environment in upcoming years. As ultimate disposal of these nanomaterials occurs in the aquatic ecosystems, it is very essential to assess its toxicological impact on it. Nevertheless, the risk assessment of carbon nanomaterials is a very intricate task. The reason is that a quantification of carbon nanomaterials in the carbon-rich environment is not at all easy. Hence, it is well evident that there is a necessity of the current research and development to investigate the potential aquatic toxicity of nanomaterials. Algae being an integral part of an aquatic ecosystem could play a role in monitoring tool for assessing the impact of carbon nanomaterial on the aquatic ecosystem. Seeking this correlation, this review focuses on the impact of carbon nanomaterials on algal flora. The mechanism effectually attributing the toxicity on algae is discussed, and future recommendations are made.

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Abbreviations

CNT:

Carbon nanotubes

CCM:

Carbonized carbon materials

CNS:

Nitrogen-doped carbon nanosheets

NGS:

Nitrogen-doped graphene nanosheets

ROS:

Reactive oxygen species

DNA:

Deoxyribonucleic acid

TEM:

Transmission electron microscopy

EC50 :

Effective concentration of 50% growth

C60 :

Fullerenes

SWNTs:

Single-walled carbon nanotubes

THF:

Tetrahydrofuran

GA:

Gum Arabic

SDBS:

Sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate

SDS:

Sodium dodecyl sulfate

PVP:

Polyvinylpyrrolidone

USEPA:

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

IC50 :

Inhibitory concentration of 50% growth

NOM:

Natural organic matter

DOM:

Dissolved organic matters

GSH synthesis:

Glutathione synthesis

EPS:

Extra polymeric substance

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Acknowledgements

Contribution of Pallavi Saxena to this study was financially supported by University Grants Commission (UGC), New Delhi, India, in the form of BSR meritorious fellowship [F.25-a/2013-14(BSR)/7-125/2007(BSR)]. Harish received financial support from UGC, New Delhi, India, in the form of Start-up Grant Project [F.20-11(21)/2012(BSR)]. Devendra Singh Rathore acknowledge the financial support received from Department of Science and Technology (DST), New Delhi in form of core research grant (CRG/2019/006919). We are thankful to anonymous reviewers for critical reading and improvement in the manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Plant Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur, Rajasthan, 313001, India

    Pallavi Saxena, Vishambhar Sangela &  Harish

  2. DST-Centre for Policy Research, Rae Bareli Road, Vidya Vihar, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Venkatesh Dutta

  3. Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa

    Shivendu Ranjan & Nandita Dasgupta

  4. Department of Environmental Science, School of Environmental Science, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Venkatesh Dutta

  5. Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, Indira Paryavaran Bhawan, Jorbagh Road, New Delhi, 110003, India

    Mahendra Phulwaria

  6. Department of Environmental Sciences, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur, Rajasthan, 313001, India

    Devendra Singh Rathore

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  1. Pallavi Saxena
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Saxena, P., Sangela, V., Ranjan, S. et al. Aquatic nanotoxicology: impact of carbon nanomaterials on algal flora. Energ. Ecol. Environ. 5, 240–252 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40974-020-00151-9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40974-020-00151-9

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