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Exosome loaded 3D printed magnetic PLA constructs: a candidate for bone tissue engineering

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Abstract

3D printing technologies leftovers the utmost sightings in tissue engineering as they can reiterate structural motifs present in natural materials by supplying the aptitude to adapt and respond to exterior stimuli, allowing the prospect of producing exceptional architecture with diverse complexity rates. Recently combining 3D structures with extracellular vesicles remains the safest method for cell-free therapy. Therapies based on the delivery of multiple growth factors or vesicles such as exosomes using 3D printed constructs offer a promising approach for optimal bone defect management. In this study, it is established that the 3D-printed constructs hold an excellent property and cytocompatibility. Likewise, the activation of bone regeneration and the mineralization process has been confirmed by Alizarin Red and alkaline phosphatase activity. It is evidenced that osteosarcoma cells-derived exosomes can control better the expression of the osteogenesis-related marker, especially in the living construct 3D-magnetic PLA (mag PLA). This was confirmed by the differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells following the upregulation of RUNX2, COL1A1, OPN, and OSC. Thus, these results evinced that exosomes associated with magnetic particles may enhance growth-factor-free bone regeneration, in association with a boosted differentiation offering a novel regulatory system in the osteogenesis evolution. Thus, it is believed as one of the new strategies to improve biomaterial engraftment of great appeal in regenerative medicine.

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Data availability

The authors confirm that the data supporting the findings of this study are available within the article. Raw data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author, upon reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

We would like to thank Hakan Eskizengin for the transmission of microspcoy and for their contribution to the histological staining at the Çukurova University Hospital Department of Pathology.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Ankara University, 06560, Ankara, Turkey

    Rihab Ksouri & Sedat Odabas

  2. Interdisiplinary Research Unit for Advanced Materials (INTRAM), Ankara University, 06560, Ankara, Turkey

    Rihab Ksouri & Sedat Odabas

  3. Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey

    Atiye Seda Yar Sağlam

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  1. Rihab Ksouri
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Correspondence to Rihab Ksouri.

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Ksouri, R., Odabas, S. & Yar Sağlam, A.S. Exosome loaded 3D printed magnetic PLA constructs: a candidate for bone tissue engineering. Prog Addit Manuf (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40964-024-00619-8

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