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Investigation of pore pressure, in-situ stress state and borehole stability in the West and South Al-Khilala hydrocarbon fields, Nile Delta, Egypt

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Abstract

This work interprets the pore pressure distribution and in-situ stress magnitudes in the ~ 10,600 feet thick Neogene succession of the West and South Al-Khilala gas fields, onshore Nile Delta. The Messinian incised valley-fill (IVF) fluvio-marine sediments host the principal gas-bearing zones having a 0.47 PSI/feet pore pressure gradient, as seen from the downhole measurements. Early Pliocene is marked by a dramatic regional sea-level rise which deposited thick marine shales unconformably above the Abu Madi IVF reservoir facies. A high sedimentation rate during Pliocene retained excess porosity and translated to a mild overpressure of around 0.55 PSI/feet in the Kafr El Sheikh Formation due to compaction disequilibrium. Vertical (Sv), minimum (Sh), and maximum (SH) horizontal stress gradients are estimated as 0.97–0.98; 0.64–0.76, and 0.86–1 PSI/feet, respectively. Interpreted stress magnitudes decipher a normal to strike-slip stress state in the studied fields. B-Quality wellbore breakouts with ~ 600 feet cumulative length infer NNE-SSW SH orientation, almost parallel to the motion direction of the African plate. Wellbore stability analysis indicated a minimum mud weight of 11.45 PPG needs to be maintained against the Pliocene shales which exhibited major wellbore instability issues in the exploratory drilling campaign. Based on the interpreted pore pressure, Sh, and collapse pressure gradients, a safe drilling mud window is proposed to ensure borehole stability.

Article highlights

  • Pliocene marine shales have mild overpressure resulting from disequilibrium compaction, while the Miocene Abu Madi reservoirs have 0.47 PSI/feet pore pressure gradient.

  • Normal to strike-slip stress state in inferred in the West and South Al-Khilala gas fields.

  • B-Quality wellbore breakouts infer NNE-SSW SH orientation.

  • Collapse pressure and safe mud weight window are inferred to ensure borehole stability in the Miocene shales.

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Acknowledgements

The authors express their sincere gratitude to Professor P.G. Ranjith, Editor in Chief of Geomechanics and Geophysics for Geo-Energy and Geo-Resources, and the two learned reviewers for their constructive comments, which benefited our manuscript. The authors are grateful to Mansoura Petroleum Company for providing the dataset and permission to publish the results of our work. GEO Suite of software by Geologix Limited is utilized for the analyses presented in this work. The interpretations presented here are solely of authors and do not necessarily represent their respective organizations.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Geology Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura City, Egypt

    Mahmoud Leila

  2. Geologix Limited, Dynasty Building, Wing A, Level 4, Andheri Kurla Road, Andheri (E), Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400059, India

    Souvik Sen

  3. Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Ibn Zohr University, Agadir, Morocco

    Mohamed Abioui

  4. Department of Earth Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland

    Andrea Moscariello

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Leila, M., Sen, S., Abioui, M. et al. Investigation of pore pressure, in-situ stress state and borehole stability in the West and South Al-Khilala hydrocarbon fields, Nile Delta, Egypt. Geomech. Geophys. Geo-energ. Geo-resour. 7, 56 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40948-021-00256-3

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