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Prevalence of High-Risk HPV Types in Women with Negative Cervical Cytology in a State of Northeast India with a High Burden of Cervical Cancer

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Abstract

Cervical cancer has emerged as a major threat among the tribal communities of Mizoram where literatures on the prevalence of HPV genotypes are scarce. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of HPV in different cytological grades of cervical samples in relation to lifestyle and socio-demographic factors. Sanger sequencing was performed to confirm the seven high-risk HPV genotypes and logistic regression analysis was performed. The most prevalent genotypes were HPV 16 (45%), HPV 31 (18%), HPV 18 (13%), HPV 33 (11%), HPV 35 (9%), HPV 52 and 58 (2%). Cytological reports showed three Cx-Ca, two HSIL, one LSIL and 29 NILM. Multiple infections of HPV 16, 18, 31 and 33 were present in the Cx-Ca samples, HPV 16, 31 and 33 in HSIL samples, HPV 16, 33 and 35 in the LSIL sample, HPV 16, 18, 31, 35 52 and 58 in 8 NILM and single infection of HPV 16 or 33 in 9 NILM samples. This is the first report of epidemiology and genotype correlation from the Mizo-Mongoloid population showing prevalence of HPV infections in different cytological grades. There is a need to screen HPV status in parallel to PAP smear for better management of timely interventions.

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Data Availability

The datasets generated and/or analyzed during the current study are not publicly available due to the fact that we do not wish to disclose our dataset since they are part of patients’ medical history. However, they are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

The authors wish to thank the Department of Biotechnology (DBT), New Delhi, Govt. of India, for the infrastructural support through Advanced State Biotech Hub. We are thankful to Dr. Lalthakimi Darngawn (OBS and Gynecologist), Synod Hospital Aizawl, Mizoram, India, as well as to Dr. Lalhmingliana (OBS and Gynecologist), Ebenezer Hospital, Aizawl, for their help in sample collection and clinical interpretation.

Funding

The authors declare that no separate funding has been received to carry out this work.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biotechnology, Mizoram University, Aizawl, Mizoram, 796004, India

    Christine Vanlalbiakdiki Sailo, Zothan Zami, Souvik Ghatak & Nachimuthu Senthil Kumar

  2. Department of Pathology and Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Synod Hospital, Durtlang, Aizawl, Mizoram, 796025, India

    Lalnun Nemi & K. Lalremmawia

  3. Department of Pathology, Civil Hospital, Aizawl, Mizoram, 796001, India

    Lalawmpuii Pachuau

  4. Hospital and Medical Education, Health and Family Welfare Department, Government of Mizoram, Aizawl, 796001, India

    Eric Zomawia

  5. Department of Zoology, Mizoram University, Aizawl, Mizoram, 796004, India

    Zothan Siama

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  1. Christine Vanlalbiakdiki Sailo
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Contributions

CVS, LN, LP, KL, EZ and NSK contributed to formulating the questionnaire and study; LN, CVS, LP and KL contributed to the collection of samples and data; CVS, SG and ZZ performed the experiments; CVS, SG and ZS analyzed the data; CVS, SG, ZZ, ZS and NSK contributed to inferring the data and writing the manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Nachimuthu Senthil Kumar.

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Conflict of interest

The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest.

Ethics Statement

Ethical approval was obtained from Institutional Review Board (IRB), Civil Hospital, Aizawl (B.12018/1/13-CH(A)/IEC/41) and Mizoram University (MZU/IHEC/2015/007), India. All the experiments were performed in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations. Attested informed consent for study participation was obtained for this study. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Sailo, C.V., Zami, Z., Ghatak, S. et al. Prevalence of High-Risk HPV Types in Women with Negative Cervical Cytology in a State of Northeast India with a High Burden of Cervical Cancer. Indian J Gynecol Oncolog 20, 8 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40944-022-00610-7

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