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Can Morphological Markers of Chromosomal Instability in Fine-Needle Aspiration Cytology Aid in Cytological Grading of Breast Cancer

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Indian Journal of Gynecologic Oncology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Background

Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease, with appreciable patterns of chromosomal alterations which include chromosomal breakage and aneuploidy.

Aim

The aim of the present study was to correlate morphological markers of chromosomal instability (CIN) with cytological grade of invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) in FNAC specimens.

Material and Methods

This was a prospective study; we studied 153 cases of IDC diagnosed on FNAC. Quantitative estimation of CIN markers, namely micronuclei (MN), nuclear bud (NB), chromatin bridge (CB), and multipolar mitosis (MPM), was done on Giemsa-stained cellular smears. The smear was screened for CB and MPM and their count was noted, whereas MN and NB were scored per 1000 malignant cells.

Results

Of the 153 cases, 48 (31.37%) were grade I, and 47(30.72%) and 58 (37.91%) cases were grade II and III IDC, respectively. MN and NB score increased from grade I IDC (0–5 MN/1000cells) to grade II (2–14 MN/1000) and from grade II to grade III (8–18 MN/1000cells and 7–19 NB/1000cells). CB and MPM were absent in all grade I IDC. The CB and MPM were present in 55/58 (0–5 CB/smear) and 49/58 (0–6 MPM/ smear) grade II and III IDC cases, respectively. A significant difference was noted between mean values of CIN markers between all the grades of IDC (p < 0.05).

Conclusion

The present study found a strong correlation of increasing assay of CIN markers with an increasing cytological grade of IDC. Since these markers can easily be analyzed in cytological material in routine reporting, the incorporation of these CIN markers in cytological grading parameters of BC by light microscopy will add to its strength and enhance its reproducibility, especially in low-cost and low-resource setup.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pathology, Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Sevagram, Wardha, Maharashtra, 442102, India

    Bhaskar Jain, Manisha Atram & V. B. Shivkumar

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  1. Bhaskar Jain
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  2. Manisha Atram
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  3. V. B. Shivkumar
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Correspondence to V. B. Shivkumar.

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Jain, B., Atram, M. & Shivkumar, V.B. Can Morphological Markers of Chromosomal Instability in Fine-Needle Aspiration Cytology Aid in Cytological Grading of Breast Cancer. Indian J Gynecol Oncolog 19, 57 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40944-021-00557-1

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