Abstract
Purpose
To study the TVS findings in endometrial carcinoma and correlate with postoperative findings.
Method
This is a retrospective observational study which included 192 cases of histopathologically proven cases of endometrial malignancy (either preoperatively or postoperatively) who had undergone a prior transvaginal ultrasonographic examination. The TVS data were analyzed with regard to endometrial thickness, echogenicity, presence of cystic areas, myometrial invasion, cervical extension and adnexal involvement. The TVS findings and endometrial thickness were correlated with postoperative histopathological types and grades.
Results
Out of total 192 cases, TVS findings were normal in 11 (6%) cases. One hundred and eighty-one (94%) cases demonstrated abnormal TVS findings. Well-defined/smooth endometrial thickening was seen in 59 (31%) cases, whereas ill-defined/irregular endometrial thickening was seen in 87 (45%) cases. Frank mass formation was noted in 27 (14%) cases. Cystic changes were seen in 48 (25%) cases. The commonest histological type was endometrioid adenocarcinoma which accounted for 153 (80%) cases. Forty-six (24%) cases had grade I malignancy, 104 (54%) grade II and 42 (22%) cases had grade III malignancy. The sensitivity of TVS in detecting endometrial pathology was 90%. The sensitivity of TVS in detecting myometrial invasion was found to be 53%, and cervical invasion was found to be 70%. 62% of the endometrioid types are moderately differentiated, whereas other histological types 55% are poorly differentiated.
Conclusion
TVS is a fairly good imaging tool in endometrial carcinoma.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Siegel R, Ma J, Zou Z, Jemal A. Cancer statistics. CA Cancer J Clin. 2014;64:9–29.
Balasubramaniam G, Sushama S, Rasika B, Mahantshetty U. Hospital-based study of endometrial cancer survival in Mumbai, India. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2013;14:977–80.
Jick H, Walker AM, Rothman KJ. The epidemic of endometrial cancer: a commentary. Am J Public Health. 1980;70(3):264–7.
Kinkel K, Kaji Y, Yu KK, et al. Radiologic Staging in patients with endometrial carcinoma: a meta analysis. Radiology. 1999;212:711–8.
Del Maschio A, Vanzulli A, Sironi S, et al. Estimating the depth of myometrial involvement by endometrial carcinoma: efficacy of trans vaginal sonography vs. MR imaging. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1993;160:533–8.
Gallup DG, Stock RJ. Adenocarcinoma of the endometrium in women 40 years of age or younger. Obstet Gynecol. 1984;64(3):417–20.
Tirumani SH, Shanbhogue AK, Prasad SR. Current concepts in the diagnosis and management of endometrial and cervical carcinomas. Radiol Clin North Am. 2013;51:1087–110.
Nalaboff KM, Pellerito JS, Ben-levi E. Imaging the endometrium: disease and normal variants. Radiographics. 2001;21(6):1409–24.
Timmermans A, et al. Endometrial thickness measurement for detecting endometrial cancer in women with postmenopausal bleeding: a systematic review and meta analysis. Obstet Gynecol. 2010;116(1):160–7.
Smith Bindman R, Kerlowoske K, FeldsteinVA Subak L, Scheidler J, Segal M, et al. Endo vaginal ultrasound to exclude endometrial cancer and other endometrial abnormalities. JAMA. 1998;280:1510–7.
Atri M, Kier R. Magnetic resonance imaging of the uterus. Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am. 1994;2(2):189–210.
Ascher SM, Reinhold C. Imaging of cancer of the endometrium. Radiol Clin North Am. 2002;40:563–76.
Sorosky JI. Endometrial cancer. Obstet Gynecol. 2012;120:383–97.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
None.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Nayak, B., Parida, S., Rautray, P.N. et al. Transvaginal Sonography (TVS) in Evaluation of Endometrial Carcinoma and Its Correlation with Histopathology: A Retrospective Analysis. Indian J Gynecol Oncolog 15, 12 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40944-016-0095-8
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40944-016-0095-8