Abstract
Dental fluorosis is a disease associated with prolonged intake of high concentrations of fluoride, mainly by drinking water consumption. In a rural region in NW Argentina, several localities are supplied for domestic use by surface waters with variable contents of dissolved F− (from 0.3 to 3.1 mg L−1) of geogenic origin. Dental fluorosis, from very mild to severe, has been registered in the population according to the spatial variability of dissolved F−. In this work, statistical models demonstrated that the concentrations of dissolved F− that determine the occurrence of dental fluorosis (and its severity) depend on the concentrations of dissolved Ca2+. In children and adolescents, the probability of presenting this disease, at any degree, increases with age and dissolved F−; whereas moderate-to-severe degree is controlled by an inverse relationship between dissolved F− and Ca2+. This last result was also obtained in the group of adults, for any degree of dental fluorosis. Thus, for a particular concentration of dissolved F−, as dissolved Ca2+ increases, the probability of developing dental fluorosis decreases. The findings of this work could be useful to adjust the current regulations, since guidelines of dissolved F− in drinking water for different degrees of dental fluorosis are not considered, nor the relationship between F− and Ca2+.
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Acknowledgements
We thank the dentists who collaborated selflessly with the dental data collection, in the different health centers of Castro Barros department: E. Chumbita de Meyer, A. Villafañe, P. Villafañe, and D. Álvarez. We also thank the Directors of the School Institutions: P. Quinteros (School N° 103 “Coronel Nicolás Barros J. C.”, Anillaco), J. J. Reinoso (School N° 270 “Belindo de la Fuente”, Anjullón), and A. Martinez (School N° 137 “Virgen del Rosario de San Nicolás”, Santa Vera Cruz). We want to thank the people who collaborated in the field work: T. Fariñas, V. Reinoso, F. Morinigo, H. Aciar, and C. Bustamante. We also thank M. Macchioli Grande for his valuable comments. G. M. Uran acknowledges a doctoral fellowship from CONICET.
Funding
This work was funded by the Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET, Argentina, PUE-0125 and PIP 112-201701-00088), the Agencia Nacional de Promoción Científica y Tecnológica (ANPCyT, PICT-2017-2026), the Universidad Nacional de La Rioja (CICYT-042), and the Universidad Nacional de Córdoba (SECyT-UNC 33620180100385CB).
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GMU: conceptualization, methodology, formal analysis, investigation, writing—original draft, writing—review and editing, and visualization. AIP: conceptualization, investigation, resources, writing—original draft, visualization, and funding acquisition. VG: methodology, software, formal analysis, writing—original draft, and visualization. MAL: conceptualization, investigation, resources, writing—review, and funding acquisition. MFCM: methodology, investigation, and resources. REP: methodology and investigation.
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Uran, G.M., Pasquini, A.I., Giampaoli, V. et al. Hydrochemistry of mountain rivers in the Sierra de Velasco, La Rioja, Argentina: implications on dental fluorosis through statistical modeling. Sustain. Water Resour. Manag. 8, 167 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40899-022-00745-7
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40899-022-00745-7