Abstract
Expansive soils are prone to volumetric changes when interacted with water, which makes them unfavorable in civil engineers’ perspective. Granular piles are the effective and economic ground improvement techniques available under such criteria. As granular piles attain their support from surrounding soil, these generally fail by bulging under compression in soft clays. This limitation can be answered by provision of tubular geotextile encasement around the column. However, when the compressive loads are high, the bulging in granular pile makes the geotextile reach its tensile strength and does not provide any additional improvement. Further, this problem can be solved by providing lateral reinforcement in the column, as it tends to reduce the stress concentration at the top portion of the pile where bulging occurs, improving their performance. The present study deals with the response of granular piles in the presence of encasement and combination of encasement and lateral reinforcement under strain-restricted compression tests. In both floating and end-bearing granular piles, the load capacity of composite soil is substantially increased. The rate of increase in load-carrying capacity was higher when end-bearing granular pile was reinforced with geotextile encasement and minimal with additional lateral reinforcement. The results show that geotextile encased laterally reinforced granular piles of end-bearing type and floating type showed a substantial increase in load-carrying capacity relative to clay by 2.44 and 2.01 times, respectively.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Rao BG, Ranjan G (1985) Settlement analysis of skirted granular piles. J Geotech Eng 111(11):1264–1283
Hughes JMO, Withers NJ, Greenwood DA (1975) A field trial of reinforcing effect of stone column in soil. Geotechnique 25(1):31–44
Madhav MR, Vitkar PP (1978) Strip footing on weak clay stabilized with granular trench or piles. Can Geotech J 15(2):605–609
Aboshi H, Icimoto E, Enoki M, Harda K (1979) The composer—a method to improve characteristics of soft clays by inclusion of large diameter sand columns. In: Proceedings of International Conference on soil reinforcement: reinforced earth and other techniques, Paris, vol 1, pp 211–216
Krishna AM, Madhav MR, Latha GM (2007) Densification effect of granular piles on settlement response of treated ground. Proc ICE Ground Improv 11(3):127–136
Mckenna JM, Eyre WA, Wolstenholme DR (1975) Performance of an embankment supported by stone columns in soft ground. Géotechnique 25(1):51–59
Raithel M, Kempfert HG, Kirchner A (2002) Geotextile-encased columns (GEC) for foundation of a dyke on very soft soils. In: Proceedings of 7th International Conference on geosynthetics, Nizza, pp 1025–1028
Murugesan S, Rajagopal K (2007) Model tests on geosynthetic-encased stone columns. Geosynth Int 14(6):346–354
Wu CS, Hong YS (2014) A simplified approach for evaluating the bearing performance of encased granular columns. Geotext Geomembr 42(4):339–347
Ali K, Shahu JT, Sharma KG (2012) Model tests on geosynthetic-reinforced stone columns: a comparative study. Geosynth Int 19(4):292–305
Castro J, Sagaseta C (2011) Deformation and consolidation around encased stone columns. Geotext Geomembr 29:268–276
Alexiew D, Horgan GJ, Brokemper D (2003) Geotextile encased columns (GEC): load capacity and geotextile selection. In: Tim AN (ed) BGA international conference on foundations. British Geotechnical Association, Dundee, pp 81–90
Araujo GLS, Palmeira EM, Cunha RP (2009) Behaviour of geosynthetic-encased granular columns in porous collapsible soil. Geosynth Int 16(6):433–451
Yoo C, Lee D (2012) Performance of geogrid-encased stone columns in soft ground: full-scale load tests. Geosynth Int 19(6):480–490
Almeida MSS, Hosseinpour I, Riccio M (2013) Performance of a geosynthetic-encased column (GEC) in soft ground: numerical and analytical studies. Geosynth Int 20(4):252–262
Almeida MSS, Hosseinpour I, Riccio M, Alexiew D (2015) Behavior of geotextile-encased granular columns supporting test embankment on soft deposit. J Geotech Geoenviron Eng 141(3):1–9
Mohapatra SR, Rajagopal K, Sharma J (2016) Direct shear tests on geosynthetic-encased granular columns. Geotext Geomembr 44:396–405
Rao AS, Phanikumar BR, Suresh K (2008) Response of granular pile-anchors under compression. Proc ICE Ground Improv 161(3):121–129
Eswara Reddy O, Madhav MR, Saibaba Reddy E (2015) Ultimate pullout capacity of granular pile anchors by laboratory model tests. Indian J Geosynth Ground Improv 4(1):25–33
Kranthikumar A, Sawant VA, Kumar P, Shukla SK (2017) Numerical and experimental investigations of granular anchor piles in loose sandy soil subjected to uplift loading. Int J Geomech 17(2):1–10
Muthukumar M, Shukla SK (2017) Comparative study on the behaviour of granular pile anchors and helical pile anchors in expansive soils subjected to swelling. Int J Geotech Eng. https://doi.org/10.1080/19386362.2017
Muthukumar M, Shukla SK (2018) Swelling behavior of expansive clay beds reinforced with encased granular pile anchors. Int J Geotech Eng 12(2):109–117
Wu CS, Hong YS (2008) The behavior of a laminated reinforced granular column. Geotext Geomembr 26:302–316
Ali K, Shahu JT, Sharma KG (2014) Model tests on single and groups of stone columns with different geosynthetic reinforcement arrangement. Geosynth Int 21(2):103–118
Balan K, Jayasree PK, Thushara TS (2015) Soft soil stabilization using natural geotextile reinforced stone columns. Indian J Geosynth Ground Improv 4(1):3–11
Van Impe WF, De Beer E (1983) Improvement of settlement behavior of soft layers by means of stone columns. In: Proceedings of 8th European Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering: Improvement of Ground, Helsinki, vol 1, pp 309–312
Acknowledgements
The authors would like to acknowledge the support extended by the management of Sree Vidyanikethan Engineering College to carry out this work.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Orekanti, E.R., Dommaraju, G.V. Load-Settlement Response of Geotextile Encased Laterally Reinforced Granular Piles in Expansive Soil Under Compression. Int. J. of Geosynth. and Ground Eng. 5, 17 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40891-019-0168-8
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40891-019-0168-8