Abstract
Vascular wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum is the most damaging disease in cape gooseberry (Physalis peruviana L.) production. In this study, we isolated and biochemically characterized endophytes and rhizospheric bacterial isolates with antagonistic activity against F. oxysporum from cape gooseberry plants. Bacterial isolates were evaluated under in vitro conditions for their antagonistic capacity against a highly virulent isolate of F. oxysporum, as well as production of lytic enzymes, biosurfactants and volatile organic compounds. Twenty-four antagonistic bacteria were selected, out of which Bacillus sp. MB015 and Pseudomonas sp. MB108 exhibited the best biocontrol activity in vitro, with inhibition levels of 80.6% and 79.9%, respectively. However, under greenhouse conditions, P. fluorescens MB103 and B. megaterium MB112 presented the best antagonistic capacity with 83.3% control of vascular wilt incidence. P. fluorescens MB103 was one of most effective in reducing the disease severity with an area under the disease of progress curve (AUDPC) of 7.5, compared with the negative control (soil infested with Fox17 without test bacteria), which presented an AUDPC of 36.8. These results suggest that P. fluorescens MB103 is a good candidate for use as a biocontrol agent against vascular wilt caused by F. oxysporum in cape gooseberry under field conditions.
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Acknowledgments
We would like to thank the Departamento de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación (COLCIENCIAS) and the Dirección de Investigaciones of the Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia for funding and the young researcher scholarship internship for accomplishing the first stage of this project. We thank Asociación de Productores de Ciénega (ASOPROCIEN) and Agricultural engineer Fernando Becerra for sampling and Dr. Fernando Rodríguez for the molecular identification of some bacterial isolates.
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Supplementary Figure 1
Disease severity in terms of area under the disease of progress curve (AUDPC) of antagonistic activity of selected bacterial isolates against F. oxysporum (Fox17) under greenhouse conditions after 35 days of inoculation of cape gooseberry plants. The antagonist bacteria groups are show according to Fig. 4 a, b, c, d). G1: Composed by Bacillus sp. MB015, E. amnigenus MB068 and Providencia sp. MB106, G2 composed by Pseudomonas sp. MB108 and B. licheniformis MB109, G3: Bacteria of G1 and G2. C_Pos: BCA Control Ps. fluorescens IBUN Pfl 107. C. Abs: Absolute control (plants without pathogen or bacterial treatment). C + Fox17: Disease control with F. oxysporum´ strain Fox17. Tukey’s range test was applied with all treatments. Treatments with different letters show statistically significant differences (p < 0.05). (JPG 237 kb)
Supplementary Figure 2
Disease severity in terms of Area under the disease of progress curve (AUDPC) of antagonistic activity of selected bacterial isolates against F. oxysporum (Fox17) under greenhouse conditions after 28 days of inoculation of cape gooseberry plants. The antagonist bacteria groups are show according to Fig. 4 (4a, 4b, 4c, 4d). G1: Composed of Bacillus sp. MB015, E. amnigenus MB068 and Providencia sp. MB106, G2 composed of Pseudomonas sp. MB108 and B. licheniformis MB109, G3: Bacteria of G1 and G2. C_Pos: BCA Control Ps. fluorescens IBUN Pfl 107. C. Abs: Absolute control (plants without pathogen or bacterial treatment). C + Fox17: Disease control with F. oxysporum´ strain Fox17. Tukey’s range test was applied with all treatments. Treatments with different letters show statistically significant differences (p < 0.05). (JPG 232 kb)
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Toloza-Moreno, D.L., Lizarazo-Forero, L.M. & Uribe-Vélez, D. Antagonist capacity of bacteria isolated from cape gooseberry cultures (Physalis peruviana L.) for biological control of Fusarium oxysporum. Trop. plant pathol. 45, 1–12 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40858-019-00313-z
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40858-019-00313-z