Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Localisation of Automobile Door Rattle Noise Based on the Time Reversal Method

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Acoustics Australia Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Abnormal noise is a key factor affecting automobile ride comfort, and the localisation of abnormal noise sources is critical for noise control. Herein, a mathematical model is proposed for the localisation of automobile door rattle sources based on Lamb wave propagation theory, Morlet wavelet transform, and the principle of time-reversal focus positioning. The cause of vibration signal wave packet aliasing was explored through thin plate impact simulation, and narrow-band signal extraction was then determined. The influence of the initial generation time \({T}_{0}\) of the rattle signal on the positioning imaging was obtained through a rattle noise source localisation test, and the signal imaging discrimination method at time \({T}_{0}\) was proposed. Verification test results showed that the maximum positioning error of the automobile door rattle noise source was no greater than 3.2 cm, and the average positioning error was 2.01 cm, which confirmed the feasibility of the proposed method for locating the rattle noise source in the automobile door.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13
Fig. 14
Fig. 15

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Gosavi, S.S.: Automotive Buzz, Squeak and Rattle (BSR) Detection and Prevention. SAE Technical Paper (2005)

  2. Trapp, M., Chen, F.: Automotive Buzz, Squeak and Rattle: Mechanisms, Analysis, Evaluation and Prevention. Elsevier/Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  3. Utzig, L., Weisheit, K., Sepahvand, K., Marburg, S.: Innovative squeak noise prediction: An approach using the harmonic balance method and a variable normal contact force. J. Sound Vib. 501, 116077 (2021)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Cook, V.G.C., Ali, A.: End-of-line inspection for annoying noises in automobiles: trends and perspectives. Appl. Acoust. 73, 265–275 (2012)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Liang, L.Y., Chen, S.M., Li, P.R.: Experiment and evaluation study on rattle noise in automotive seat system. Int. J. Auto. Tech-Kor. 22, 391–402 (2021)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Liang, L., Li, P., Chen, S.: Further study of the automobile Rattle noise with consideration of the impact rates and loudness. SAE Int. J. Adv. Curr. Pract. Mobil. 2, 2285–2296 (2020)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Payer, J., Amort, M., Girstmair, J., Nijman, E.: Seat Belt Retractor Noise Test Correlation to 2DOF Shaker Test and Real Automobile Comfort. SAE Technical Paper (2018)

  8. Fan, R., Su, Z., Meng, G., He, C.: Application of sound intensity and partial coherence to identify interior noise sources on the high speed train. Mech. Syst. Signal. Pr. 46, 481–493 (2014)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Jung, I.J., Ih, J.G.: Combined microphone array for precise localization of sound source using the acoustic intensimetry. Mech. Syst. Signal. Pr. 160, 107820 (2021)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Zhang, Y., Hou, H., Zhang, Z., Yang, Y.: Door-closing sound quality improvement process based on beamforming method, wavelet analysis, and component design optimization. SAE Int. J. Automob. Dyn. Stab. NVH 4, 233–246 (2020)

    Google Scholar 

  11. Thomas, A.J., Gosain, A., Balachandran, P.: Vehicular Cabin Noise Source Identification and Optimization Using Beamforming and Acoustical Holography. SAE Technical Paper (2014)

  12. Shi, T., Liu, Y., Bolton, J.S., Eberhardt, F., Frazer, W.: Diesel Engine Noise Source Visualization with Wideband Acoustical Holography. SAE Technical Paper (2017)

  13. Zhang, X.Z., Bi, C.X., Zhang, Y.B., Geng, L.: Real-time nearfield acoustic holography for reconstructing the instantaneous surface normal velocity. Mech. Syst. Signal. Pr. 52, 663–671 (2015)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Pan, S., Jiang, W.: A hybrid approach to reconstruct transient sound field based on the free-field time reversal method and interpolated time-domain equivalent source method. J. Sound Vib. 333, 3625–3638 (2014)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Pepper, D.M.: Nonlinear optical phase conjugation. Laser Handbook 22, 333–485 (1985)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Fisher, R.A.: Optical Phase Conjugation. Academic Press, New York (1983)

    Google Scholar 

  17. Singh, S., Singh, S.: On compensation of four wave mixing effect in dispersion managed hybrid WDM-OTDM multicast overlay system with optical phase conjugation modules. Opt. Fiber Technol. 38, 160–166 (2017)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Zhang, K., Gao, G., Zhang, J., Fei, A., Cvijetic, M.: Mitigation of nonlinear fiber distortion using optical phase conjugation for mode-division multiplexed transmission. Opt. Fiber Technol. 43, 169–174 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yofte.2018.05.010

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Fink, M.: Time reversal of ultrasonic fields. I Basic principles. IEEE T. Ultrason. Ferr. 39, 555–566 (1992)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Wu, F., Thomas, J.L., Fink, M.: Time reversal of ultrasonic fields. Il Experimental results. IEEE T. Ultrason. Ferr. 39, 567–578 (1992)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Fink, M., Prada, C., Wu, F., Cassereau, D.: Self focusing in inhomogeneous media with time reversal acoustic mirrors. IEEE Ultrason. Symp. 2, 681–686 (1989)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Dowling, D.R., Jackson, D.R.: Phase conjugation in underwater acoustics. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 89, 171–181 (1998)

    Google Scholar 

  23. Zhang, G.S., Hovem, J.M., He, F.D., Liu, L.B.: Coherent underwater communication using passive time reversal over multipath channels. Appl. Acoust. 72, 412–419 (2011)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Mu, W., Sun, J., Xin, R., Liu, G., Wang, S.: Time reversal damage localization method of ocean platform based on particle swarm optimization algorithm. Mar. Struct. 69, 102672 (2020)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Wang, J.Z., Yuan, S.F.: An enhanced Lamb wave virtual time reversal technique for damage detection with transducer transfer function compensation. Smart Mater. Struct. 28, 085017 (2019)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Zhu, D., Gibson, R.: Seismic inversion and uncertainty quantification using transdimensional Markov chain Monte Carlo method. Geophysics 83, R321–R334 (2018)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Kwak, Y., Park, S.M., Lee, J., Park, J.: Rattle noise source localization through the time reversal of dispersive vibration signals on a road vehicle. Wave Mot. 93, 102452 (2020)

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  28. Xu, B., Giurgiutiu, V.: Single mode tuning effects on Lamb wave time reversal with piezoelectric wafer active sensors for structural health monitoring. J. Nondestruct. Eval. 26, 123–134 (2007)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Li, Z., Qiao, G., Sun, Z., Zhao, H., Guo, R.: Short baseline positioning with an improved time reversal technique in a multi-path channel. J. Mar. Sci. Appl. 11, 251–257 (2012)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Harb, M.S., Yuan, F.G.: A rapid, fully non-contact, hybrid system for generating Lamb wave dispersion curves. Ultrasonics 61, 62–70 (2015)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Qiu, L., Yuan, S., Zhang, X., Wang, Y.: A time reversal focusing based impact imaging method and its evaluation on complex composite structures. Smart Mater. Struct. 20, 105014 (2011)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. Wang, S., Huang, S., Wang, Q., Zhang, Y., Zhao, W.: Mode identification of broadband Lamb wave signal with squeezed wavelet transform. Appl. Acoust. 125, 91–101 (2017)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. Chang, C.C., Yu, C.P., Lin, Y.: Distinction between crack echoes and rebar echoes based on Morlet Wavelet Transform of impact echo signals. NDT E Int. 108, 102169 (2019)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. Cheng, W., Xu, G.Q., Mou, L.H.: Study of Morlet complex wavelet based phasor estimation algorithm for traction line. Trans. China Electrotech. Soc. 21, 108–113 (2006)

    Google Scholar 

  35. Peng, G., Yuan, S.F.: Damage localization on two-dimensional structure based on wavelet transform and active lamb wave-based method. Mater. Sci. Forum 510, 475–479 (2005)

    Google Scholar 

  36. Cao, S.H., Lu, Y., Zhang, H.F., Xia, Q., Ma, S.: Probability weighted four-point arc imaging algorithm for time-reversed lamb wave damage detection. Vibroeng. Proced. 22, 25–30 (2019)

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

This research has been completed with support from Xinwei Xu, Rui Song, and Chao Qi, Junfeng Wang.

Funding

This work was supported by the Belt and Road Project in Jiangsu Province (Grant No. BZ2022016).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Automobile and Traffic Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China

    Weidong Zhao & Nan Zhang

  2. Changzhou Haoan Environment Engineering Co., Ltd., Changzhou, 213002, China

    Li’an Tian

Authors
  1. Weidong Zhao
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Nan Zhang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Li’an Tian
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Weidong Zhao.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interest or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this manuscript.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Zhao, W., Zhang, N. & Tian, L. Localisation of Automobile Door Rattle Noise Based on the Time Reversal Method. Acoust Aust 51, 359–371 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40857-023-00301-z

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40857-023-00301-z

Keywords

Search

Navigation