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An Unsupervised Acoustic Description of Fish Schools and the Seabed in Three Fishing Regions Within the Northern Demersal Scalefish Fishery (NDSF, Western Australia)

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Abstract

Fisheries acoustics is now a standard tool for monitoring marine organisms. Another use of active-acoustics techniques is the potential to qualitatively describe fish school and seafloor characteristics or the distribution of fish density hotspots. Here, we use a geostatistical approach to describe the distribution of acoustic density hotspots within three fishing regions of the Northern Demersal Scalefish Fishery in Western Australia. This revealed a patchy distribution of hotspots within the three regions, covering almost half of the total areas. Energetic, geometric and bathymetric descriptors of acoustically identified fish schools were clustered using robust sparse k-means clustering with a Clest algorithm to determine the ideal number of clusters. Identified clusters were mainly defined by the energetic component of the school. Seabed descriptors considered were depth, roughness, first bottom length, maximum \(S_{v}\), kurtosis, skewness and bottom rise time. The ideal number of bottom clusters (maximisation rule with D-Index, Hubert Score and Weighted Sum of Squares), following the majority rule, was three. Cluster 1 (mainly driven by depth) was the sole type present in Region 1, Cluster 2 (mainly driven by roughness and maximum \(S_{v})\) dominated Region 3, while Region 2 was split up almost equally between Cluster 2 and 3. Detection of indicator species for the three seabed clusters revealed that the selected clusters could be related to biological information. Goldband snapper and miscellaneous fish were indicators for Cluster 1; Cods, Lethrinids, Red Emperor and other Lutjanids were linked with Cluster 2, while Rankin Cod and Triggerfish were indicators for Cluster 3.

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Acknowledgements

Data used within this study was collected through a project funded via the Australian Fisheries Research and Development Corporation (FRDC), with support from the Western Australian Department of Fisheries. A special thank you goes out to Kimberley Wildcatch and the crew of Carolina M., Adam and Alison Masters for their support and help during the data collection process. All data were collected according to the Australian Code of Practice for the care and use of animals for scientific purposes.

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  1. Centre for Marine Science and Technology, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, WA, 6845, Australia

    Sven Gastauer & Miles Parsons

  2. Wageningen Marine Research, P.O. Box 68, 1970 AB, IJmuiden, The Netherlands

    Sven Gastauer

  3. Antarctic Climate and Ecosystems Cooperative Research Centre, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 80, Hobart, Tasmania, 7001, Australia

    Sven Gastauer

  4. Echoview Software Pty Ltd, GPO Box 1387, Hobart, Tasmania, 7001, Australia

    Ben Scoulding

  5. CMST, Curtin University, B301 Hayman Rd, Bentley, WA, 6102, Australia

    Sven Gastauer

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  1. Sven Gastauer
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Gastauer, S., Scoulding, B. & Parsons, M. An Unsupervised Acoustic Description of Fish Schools and the Seabed in Three Fishing Regions Within the Northern Demersal Scalefish Fishery (NDSF, Western Australia). Acoust Aust 45, 363–380 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40857-017-0100-0

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40857-017-0100-0

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