Abstract
A highly sensitive self-biased ultraviolet (UV) photodetector is largely desirable in practical applications. This work develops a one-dimensional ZnO homojunction photodiode, which includes an Sb-doped ZnO microwire with surface-covered by Ag nanowires (AgNWs@ZnO:Sb MW), a MgO buffer nanolayer, and a ZnO film. The photodiode is dramatically sensitive to UV light, with its photosensitive performances of a large on/off ratio of approximately 107, a maximum responsivity of 292.2 mA W−1, a high specific detectivity of 6.9 × 1013 Jones, and a rapid response speed in microseconds (16.4/465.1 µs) under 365-nm light illumination via 10 µW cm−2 at 0 V bias. In particular, the highest external quantum efficiency approaching 99.3% is achieved. The modulation of the MgO nanofilm and surface-modified AgNWs on the improved photoresponse was carefully examined. Acting as a self-biased optical receiver, this photodiode was further integrated into a UV communication system that can transmit information in real time. Also, a 9 × 9 photodetector array based on the AgNWs@p-ZnO:Sb MW/i-MgO/n-ZnO homojunction exhibited a uniform distribution of light response and could be used as a workable photosensory to achieve good spatial resolution images. This work proposes a promising route for the design of high-performance UV photodetectors for realistic applications with low power consumption and large-scale construction.
摘要
高灵敏度的自驱动紫外探测器在许多应用中都大有可为. 本研 究提出了一种一维ZnO基同结光电探测器, 它包括表面覆盖着Ag纳米 线的锑掺杂ZnO微米线(AgNWs@ZnO:Sb MW)、MgO缓冲纳米层和 ZnO薄膜. 该探测器在0 V偏压下对紫外光非常敏感, 其性能参数包括 约7个量级的开关比、292.2 mA W−1的响应度、6.9 × 1013 Jones的比探 测率, 以及微秒量级的快速响应速度(上升时间16.4 µs, 下降时间 465.1 µs). 特别是10 µW cm−2的微弱紫外光时接近99.3%的外量子效率. 此外, 本文系统研究了MgO纳米薄膜和表面修饰AgNWs对探测器件性 能增强的机理. 作为自驱动光接收器, 该光电二极管被进一步集成到能 够实时传输信息的紫外通信系统中. 此外, 基于AgNWs@p-ZnO:Sb MW/i-MgO/n-ZnO的同质结9 × 9阵列显示出均匀的光响应分布, 可用 作具有良好空间分辨率的成像传感器. 这项研究有望为设计高性能紫 外光检测器提供一条具有低功耗和可大规模建造的途径.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Liu P, Yin L, Feng L, et al. Controllable preparation of ultrathin 2D BiOBr crystals for high-performance ultraviolet photodetector. Sci China Mater, 2021, 64: 189–197
Ouyang W, Chen J, Shi Z, et al. Self-powered UV photodetectors based on ZnO nanomaterials. Appl Phys Rev, 2021, 8: 031315
Wang Y, Chen C, Tang Z, et al. Tunable bandgap of black phosphorus by arsenic substitution toward high-performance photodetector. Sci China Mater, 2023, 66: 2364–2371
Wu D, Guo J, Du J, et al. Highly polarization-sensitive, broadband, self-powered photodetector based on graphene/PdSe2/germanium heterojunction. ACS Nano, 2019, 13: 9907–9917
Li C, Wang H, Wang F, et al. Ultrafast and broadband photodetectors based on a perovskite/organic bulk heterojunction for large-dynamic-range imaging. Light Sci Appl, 2020, 9: 31
Song W, Chen J, Li Z, et al. Self-powered MXene/GaN van der Waals heterojunction ultraviolet photodiodes with superhigh efficiency and stable current outputs. Adv Mater, 2021, 33: 2101059
Du X, Tian W, Pan J, et al. Piezo-phototronic effect promoted carrier separation in coaxial p-n junctions for self-powered photodetector. Nano Energy, 2022, 92: 106694
Liu Y, Ji Z, Cen G, et al. Perovskite-based color camera inspired by human visual cells. Light Sci Appl, 2023, 12: 43
Wang M, Liang D, Ma W, et al. Significant performance enhancement of UV-vis self-powered CsPbBr3 quantum dot-based photodetectors induced by ligand modification and P3HT embedding. Opt Lett, 2022, 47: 4512–4515
Li D, Zhou D, Xu W, et al. Plasmonic photonic crystals induced two-order fluorescence enhancement of blue perovskite nanocrystals and its application for high-performance flexible ultraviolet photodetectors. Adv Funct Mater, 2018, 28: 1804429
Li D, Xu W, Zhou D, et al. Cerium-doped perovskite nanocrystals for extremely high-performance deep-ultraviolet photoelectric detection. Adv Opt Mater, 2021, 9: 2100423
Ding N, Shao L, Xie T, et al. Highly-sensitive, stable, and fast-response lead-free Cs2AgBiBr6 double perovskite photodetectors enabled by synergistic engineering of doping Na+/Ce3+ and integrating Ag nanoparticles film. Laser Photon Rev, 2022, 16: 2200301
Xu Z, Han X, Wu W, et al. Controlled on-chip fabrication of large-scale perovskite single crystal arrays for high-performance laser and photodetector integration. Light Sci Appl, 2023, 12: 67
Lin C, Wan P, Yang B, et al. Plasmon-enhanced photoresponse and stability of a CsPbBr3 microwire/GaN heterojunction photodetector with surface-modified Ag nanoparticles. J Mater Chem C, 2023, 11: 12968–12980
Li Q, Huang J, Meng J, et al. Enhanced performance of a self-powered ZnO photodetector by coupling LSPR-inspired pyro-phototronic effect and piezo-phototronic effect. Adv Opt Mater, 2022, 10: 2102468
Qian L, Li W, Gu Z, et al. Ultra-sensitive β-Ga2O3 solar-blind photodetector with high-density Al@Al2O3 core-shell nanoplasmonic array. Adv Opt Mater, 2022, 10: 2102055
Li Z, Yu X, Zhu Y, et al. High performance ZnO quantum dot (QD)/magnetron sputtered ZnO homojunction ultraviolet photodetectors. Appl Surf Sci, 2022, 582: 152352
Wang Y, Wang P, Zhu Y, et al. High performance charge-transfer induced homojunction photodetector based on ultrathin ZnO nanosheet. Appl Phys Lett, 2019, 114: 011103
Tang K, Jiang M, Yang B, et al. Enhancing UV photodetection performance of an individual ZnO microwire p-n homojunction via interfacial engineering. Nanoscale, 2023, 15: 2292–2304
Tsai CH, Lin KC, Cheng CY, et al. GeSn lateral p-i-n waveguide photodetectors for mid-infrared integrated photonics. Opt Lett, 2021, 46: 864–867
Ning Y, Zhang Z, Teng F, et al. Novel transparent and self-powered UV photodetector based on crossed ZnO nanofiber array homojunction. Small, 2018, 14: 1703754
Wang Q, Zou A, Yang L, et al. Wide-bandgap semiconductor microtubular homojunction photodiode for high-performance UV detection. J Alloys Compd, 2021, 887: 161429
Su L, Zhao L, Chen SY, et al. Schottky-type GaN-based UV photodetector with atomic-layer-deposited TiN thin film as electrodes. Opt Lett, 2022, 47: 429–432
Mishra M, Gundimeda A, Garg T, et al. ZnO/GaN heterojunction based self-powered photodetectors: Influence of interfacial states on UV sensing. Appl Surf Sci, 2019, 478: 1081–1089
Chen Z, Li B, Mo X, et al. Self-powered narrowband p-NiO/n-ZnO nanowire ultraviolet photodetector with interface modification of Al2O3. Appl Phys Lett, 2017, 110: 123504
Liu M, Jiang M, Zhao Q, et al. Ultraviolet exciton-polariton light-emitting diode in a ZnO microwire homojunction. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces, 2023, 15: 13258–13269
Dehzangi A, Li J, Razeghi M. Band-structure-engineered high-gain LWIR photodetector based on a type-II superlattice. Light Sci Appl, 2021, 10: 17
Wu D, Guo J, Wang C, et al. Ultrabroadband and high-detectivity photodetector based on WS2/Ge heterojunction through defect engineering and interface passivation. ACS Nano, 2021, 15: 10119–10129
Chen P, Atallah TL, Lin Z, et al. Approaching the intrinsic exciton physics limit in two-dimensional semiconductor diodes. Nature, 2021, 599: 404–410
Cai Q, You H, Guo H, et al. Progress on AlGaN-based solar-blind ultraviolet photodetectors and focal plane arrays. Light Sci Appl, 2021, 10: 94
Wang H, Wang W, Zhong Y, et al. Approaching the external quantum efficiency limit in 2D photovoltaic devices. Adv Mater, 2022, 34: 2206122
Wu F, Li Q, Wang P, et al. High efficiency and fast van der Waals hetero-photodiodes with a unilateral depletion region. Nat Commun, 2019, 10: 4663
Ripain AHA, Zulkifli NAA, Tan CL, et al. Highly efficient and stable near-infrared photo sensor based on multilayer MoS2/p-Si integrated with plasmonic gold nanoparticles. Appl Phys Lett, 2023, 123: 061104
Zhu X, Xu J, Qin F, et al. Highly efficient and stable transparent electromagnetic interference shielding films based on silver nanowires. Nanoscale, 2020, 12: 14589–14597
Zhang J, Wang Y, Li D, et al. Engineering surface plasmons in metal/nonmetal structures for highly desirable plasmonic photodetectors. ACS Mater Lett, 2022, 4: 343–355
Wan P, Jiang M, Xu T, et al. High-mobility induced high-performance self-powered ultraviolet photodetector based on single ZnO microwire/PEDOT:PSS heterojunction via slight Ga-doping. J Mater Sci Tech, 2021, 93: 33–40
Liu W, Xiu F, Sun K, et al. Na-doped p-type ZnO microwires. J Am Chem Soc, 2010, 132: 2498–2499
Wang G, Chu S, Zhan N, et al. ZnO homojunction photodiodes based on Sb-doped p-type nanowire array and n-type film for ultraviolet detection. Appl Phys Lett, 2011, 98: 041107
Wang CX, Yang GW, Liu HW, et al. Experimental analysis and theoretical model for anomalously high ideality factors in ZnO/diamond p-n junction diode. Appl Phys Lett, 2004, 84: 2427–2429
Peng Y, Lu J, Wang X, et al. Self-powered high-performance flexible GaN/ZnO heterostructure UV photodetectors with piezo-phototronic effect enhanced photoresponse. Nano Energy, 2022, 94: 106945
Fang S, Li L, Wang D, et al. Breaking the responsivity-bandwidth tradeoff limit in GaN photoelectrodes for high-response and fast-speed optical communication application. Adv Funct Mater, 2023, 33: 2214408
Wang L, Jie J, Shao Z, et al. MoS2/Si heterojunction with vertically standing layered structure for ultrafast, high-detectivity, self-driven visible-near infrared photodetectors. Adv Funct Mater, 2015, 25: 2910–2919
Shui ZD, Wang S, Yang Z, et al. Polarization-sensitive self-powered tellurium microwire near-infrared photodetector. Appl Phys Lett, 2023, 122: 101902
Xian S, Hou S, Zhang H, et al. High quality quasi-two-dimensional organic-inorganic hybrid halide perovskite film for high performance photodetector. Appl Phys Lett, 2023, 122: 103510
Xing R, Shi P, Wang D, et al. Flexible self-powered weak light detectors based on ZnO/CsPbBr3/γ-CuI heterojunctions. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces, 2022, 14: 40093–40101
Zhang Q, Li N, Zhang T, et al. Enhanced gain and detectivity of unipolar barrier solar blind avalanche photodetector via lattice and band engineering. Nat Commun, 2023, 14: 418
Chen Y, Su L, Jiang M, et al. Switch type PANI/ZnO core-shell microwire heterojunction for UV photodetection. J Mater Sci Tech, 2022, 105: 259–265
Sinha R, Roy N, Mandal TK. Growth of carbon dot-decorated ZnO nanorods on a graphite-coated paper substrate to fabricate a flexible and self-powered Schottky diode for UV detection. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces, 2020, 12: 33428–33438
Huang Y, Zhang L, Wang J, et al. Enhanced photoresponse of n-ZnO/p-GaN heterojunction ultraviolet photodetector with high-quality CsPbBr3 films grown by pulse laser deposition. J Alloys Compd, 2019, 802: 70–75
Serkjan N, Liu X, Abdiryim T, et al. Organic-inorganic face-to-face ZnO NRs-based self-powered UV photodetectors: Heterojunction with poly(3,4-ethylenedioxyselenophene) and enhanced responsivity by carbon quantum dots. Carbon, 2023, 204: 387–397
Zhao B, Wang F, Chen H, et al. An ultrahigh responsivity (9.7 mA W−1) self-powered solar-blind photodetector based on individual ZnO-Ga2O3 heterostructures. Adv Funct Mater, 2017, 27: 1700264
Zhou H, Yang L, Gui P, et al. Ga-doped ZnO nanorod scaffold for high-performance, hole-transport-layer-free, self-powered CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite photodetectors. Sol Energy Mater Sol Cells, 2019, 193: 246–252
Deng M, Li Z, Deng X, et al. Wafer-scale heterogeneous integration of self-powered lead-free metal halide UV photodetectors with ultrahigh stability and homogeneity. J Mater Sci Tech, 2023, 164: 150–159
Acknowledgements
This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (11974182, 12374257), the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (NC2022008), the Funding for Outstanding Doctoral Dissertation of Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics (NUAA) (BCXJ22-14), and the Postgraduate Research & Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province (KYCX22_3266). We acknowledge the Center for Microscopy and Analysis, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
Author contributions Jiang M and Shi D supervised the project and the experiments. Tang K performed the experiments with the assistance of Sha S, Zhai Y and Wan P. Tang K wrote the paper with support from Jiang M and Kan C. The other authors helped analyze the results, contributed to the theoretical analysis and revised this paper. All authors contributed to the general discussion.
Corresponding authors
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Additional information
Supplementary information Experimental details and supporting data are available in the online version of the paper.
Kai Tang received his BS degree in physics from Anyang Normal University, Henan, in 2019. Currently, he is pursuing his PhD degree at the College of Physics, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China. His current research interests focus on ZnO-based homojunction ultraviolet detectors.
Mingming Jiang received his BS degree from Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China, and his PhD degree from the University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Hefei, China. He was an associate professor at Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China. He is currently a full professor at the College of Physics, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China. His current research interest is low-dimension wide bandgap semiconductor optoelectronics.
Daning Shi received his BS degree from Suzhou University in 1984 and his PhD degree from Nanjing University in 1999. He is currently a professor and vice president of Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics. His main research interests are condensed matter theory and computational nanophysics.
Electronic supplementary material
40843_2023_2751_MOESM1_ESM.pdf
Boosting performances of ZnO microwire homojunction ultraviolet self-powered photodetector by coupled interfacial engineering and plasmonic effect
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Tang, K., Sha, S., Wan, P. et al. Boosting performances of ZnO microwire homojunction ultraviolet self-powered photodetector by coupled interfacial engineering and plasmonic effects. Sci. China Mater. 67, 842–851 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40843-023-2751-0
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40843-023-2751-0