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Particle Size-Dependent Filtration Efficiency and Pressure Drop of Gasoline Particle Filters with Varying Washcoat Volumes

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Abstract

Gasoline particulate filters (GPFs) are an effective means of reducing particle emissions from gasoline direct injection (GDI) engines. This paper explores the filtration efficiency and pressure drop of three GPFs with varying in-wall washcoat volumes through three parameters: particle size, flow rate of gas through the GPF, and amount of soot accumulation. The three GPFs are tested on a custom filtration efficiency test rig with a miniature inverted soot generator used as a particle source at three space velocities of: 32, 000, 97, 000, and 161, 000 h−1. A scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS) is used to measure the filtration efficiency and amount of soot accumulated on the GPF. The GPFs are loaded with soot until the average filtration efficiency reached >  ~ 98%. Results show that the filtration efficiency is a function of particle size, soot loading, and space velocity. With increasing soot loading on the GPF, the filtration efficiencies increase significantly and become less sensitive to mobility diameter. Filtration efficiency is generally found to decrease with increasing space velocity. For clean filters, the GPF without washcoat has the same or higher filtration efficiency than the GPFs with washcoat. At high amounts of soot accumulation, the GPFs with a washcoat have the highest filtration efficiency. The coated filters have a much higher rate of filtration efficiency and pressure drop increase compared to the bare filter. The mechanisms leading to the observed trends in filtration efficiency and pressure drop are also discussed.

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Electronic data is included as supplementary material.

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Funding

Funding for this project was provided by the Natural Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) and Umicore AG & Co. Support was provided by the China Scholarship Council (No. 201906340207) for the visit of Xiangxiao Kong to the University of Alberta.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 1H9, Canada

    Xiangxiao Kong, Kerry Chen & Jason S. Olfert

  2. State Key Lab of Fire Science, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, People’s Republic of China

    Xiangxiao Kong

  3. Umicore AG & Co. KG, Rodenbacher Chaussee 4, 63457, Hanau, Germany

    Robert Greiner & Martin Votsmeier

  4. Technical University of Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany

    Martin Votsmeier

  5. URPEI, Department of Chemical Engineering, Polytechnique Montréal, Montréal, QC, H3C 3A7, Canada

    Igor Belot, David Vidal & François Bertrand

  6. Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 1H9, Canada

    Robert E. Hayes

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  1. Xiangxiao Kong
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  2. Kerry Chen
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  3. Robert Greiner
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Correspondence to Jason S. Olfert.

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Kong, X., Chen, K., Greiner, R. et al. Particle Size-Dependent Filtration Efficiency and Pressure Drop of Gasoline Particle Filters with Varying Washcoat Volumes. Emiss. Control Sci. Technol. 7, 105–116 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40825-021-00193-3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40825-021-00193-3

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