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Numerical study of Shahrchay dam break and locating the flood prone areas of Urmia city led from it

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Abstract

Shahrchay dam is one of the dams that, due to its geological and climatic conditions, there exists a considerable possibility of overflow and consequently its break. It is considered an imminent threat to Urmia city due to its proximity to the downstream residential areas. Therefore, in this study, the dam break is modelled and the resulting flood-prone areas downstream of the dam which includes the residential areas of Urmia city is investigated. To achieve this goal, used two hydraulic models, BREACH-GUI and OpenFOAM. The dam break is modelled based on the physical parameters of the Dam by OpenFOAM. Then using downstream geographical features, the vulnerable areas against floods (flood-prone areas) are marked for a 100-year return period by HEC-RAS and Arc-GIS software. The results show that the two hydraulic models in question yielded similar dam break results. More precisely, the BREACH-GUI model calculated the maximum output velocity at the bottom of the dam at a distance of 1 km at about 13 m per second with a height of 12 m. In contrast, the OpenFOAM model calculated the maximum velocity at a distance of 900 m at an altitude of 11 m. Flood zoning due to dam break showed that about 18% of the area of Urmia city, 73% of Band village, 68% of Noshan Sofla village, and 76% of Noshan Olya village due to rising water flow are directly affected by dam break with a population of 136,000.

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The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author, [author initials], upon reasonable request.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran

    Ghasem Farahmand

  2. Department of Water Engineering and Hydraulic Structures, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran

    Komeil Samet

  3. Faculty of Civil Engineering, Tabriz University, Tabriz, Iran

    Hassan Golmohammadi

  4. Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran

    Mohammad Ashrafi

  5. Department of Remote Sensing, Birla Institute of Technology Mesra, Ranchi, India

    Nilanchal Patel

  6. Baneh Azazd University, Baneh, Kurdistan, Iran

    Masoumeh Soufi

Authors
  1. Ghasem Farahmand
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  2. Komeil Samet
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  3. Hassan Golmohammadi
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  4. Mohammad Ashrafi
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  5. Nilanchal Patel
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  6. Masoumeh Soufi
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I testify on behalf of all co-authors that the article was submitted: (1) this material has not been published in whole or in part elsewhere. (2) the manuscript is not currently being considered for publication in another journal. (3) all authors have been personally and actively involved in substantive work leading to the manuscript, and will hold themselves jointly and individually responsible for its content.

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Correspondence to Ghasem Farahmand.

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Farahmand, G., Samet, K., Golmohammadi, H. et al. Numerical study of Shahrchay dam break and locating the flood prone areas of Urmia city led from it. Model. Earth Syst. Environ. 9, 4573–4582 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40808-023-01764-9

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