Abstract
The hydrologic model is a simplified representation of an existing hydrologic system that helps water resources comprehension, forecasting, and management. Hydrological models are a vital component and essential tool for water resources, environmental planning and management. Urbanization and industrialization significantly impact hydrologic processes locally and globally due to the rapid expansion of population worldwide. Thus, development planning and managing various water resources must meet multiple water demands. However, acquiring gauge discharge data have always been difficult since measurements cannot be taken at every point along the river. Hydrological models are tools, used extensively to simulate many processes of the hydrological cycle. The various ongoing researches are on topics in which the model gives more compatible results with observed discharges. However, it is argued that complex modelling does not provide better results due to soil heterogeneity and climatic changes that play vital roles in streamflow behaviour. Recently, several studies have been conducted to examine the compatibility of model results with streamflow measurements. This paper aims is to provide comprehensive state-of-the-art technology hydrological modelling by briefly discussing different hydrological models and evaluate their application based on Nexus assessment. Furthermore, this paper discussed the different loss methods such as Soil Conservation Service Curve Number (SCS-CN), Soil Moisture Accounting (SMA), Green and Ampt (G.A.), Deficit and constant (D.C.) available in Hydrologic Engineering Center-Hydrologic Modeling System (HEC-HMS). The literature review suggested that that the HEC-HMS is feasible compared to other models. In additions the review demonstrates that the HEC-HMS performed well for dendritic watershed drainage patterns. This study observed that the SCS-CN method and the SMA method are the most widely methods for event-based and continuous modelling. Compared to other models the D.C. loss approach of the HEC-HMS is the least utilized but found to be straightforward and provide accurate results. This study guides modellers in identifying the type of hydrological models that need to employ to a particular catchment for a specific problem. It also equally helps water resources managers and policymakers by providing them with an executive summary of hydrological studies and sustainable development.
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Sahu, M.K., Shwetha, H.R. & Dwarakish, G.S. State-of-the-art hydrological models and application of the HEC-HMS model: a review. Model. Earth Syst. Environ. 9, 3029–3051 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40808-023-01704-7
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40808-023-01704-7