Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Choking Flow Characteristics of the Rectangular Slot-Type Flip Bucket

  • Computations & Experiments on Dynamics of Complex Fluid & Structure
  • Published:
Experimental Techniques Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Choking flow often occurs on ski-jump flip buckets in limited approach flow Froude numbers, which can significantly increase water depth, cause severe turbulence on the bucket, and threaten the safety of hydraulic structures. The study presented herein examines the choking flow characteristics of the rectangular slot-type flip bucket, include choking flow regimes, critical choking flow Froude numbers, and the maximum height on the bucket during the choking flow development process. Eight hydraulic model experiments were conducted, includes five rectangular slot-type flip buckets and three continuous circular-type flip buckets. The effects of slot width, slot angle and inlet water depth on choking flow are studied, the calculation method of equivalent bucket height was proposed to analyze maximum height on the bucket and critical choking flow Froude numbers. It was observed from the research that both the choking flow critical Froude numbers and the maximum choking flow height are proportional to the equivalent bucket height. Based on the conclusion of the equivalent bucket height, the choking flow characteristics of the rectangular slot-type flip bucket and the continuous flip bucket have similar computational rules. The results provide theoretical references for slot-type flip bucket design and proposed a new idea for the analysis of slot-type flow patterns.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9

Similar content being viewed by others

Abbreviations

w :

The bucket height

w':

The slot height

w a :

The equivalent bucket height

H :

The difference between upstream and downstream water levels

Fr :

Froude number

Fr o :

Approach Froude number

Fr i :

Critical Froude number (the subscripts i = 1 and 2 represent the upper and the lower critical Froude number respectively)

Q :

Flow rate

h o :

Approach flow depth

h m :

The maximum water depth on the bucket

h e :

The average outlet water depth before equivalence

V o :

Approach flow velocity

g :

Gravitational acceleration

B :

Approach channel width

b :

The slot width

q :

Unit discharge

R :

The bucket radius

β :

The bucket angle

θ :

The slot angle

A 1 :

The flow area from the tooth(w/ho<1)

A 2 :

The actual flow area of the slot(w/ho<1)

A a :

The equivalent outlet area

A':

The blocked water area before the equivalent (w/ho≥1)

References

  1. Vischer DL (1998) Hager. W. H, Dam hydraulics. Printed and bound by Antony Rowe Ltd, Eastbourne. New York

    Google Scholar 

  2. Hager WH, Boes RM (2014) Hydraulic structures: a positive outlook into the future. J Hydraul Res 52:299–310. https://doi.org/10.1080/00221686.2014.923050

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Pfister M, Hager WH, Boes RM (2014) Trajectories and air flow features of ski jump–generated jets. J Hydraul Res 52:336–346. https://doi.org/10.1080/00221686.2013.875072

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Chanson H (2015) Energy dissipation in hydraulic structures. Chemical Rubber Company Press, London

    Book  Google Scholar 

  5. Vatandoust H, Yarmohammadi H, Kavianpour M (2021) Investigation of supercritical flow and shape of flip bucket spillways on coefficients of dynamic pressure. J Energy Resour Technol 143:1–18. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4048524

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Ma F, Xu Z, Wu JH (2015) Flow choking over weir flow slit–type flip buckets. Journal of Hydrodynamics (series B) 27(907–912). https://doi.org/10.1016/S1001-6058(15)60553-4

  7. Xue HC, Diao MJ, Yue SB, Xu LL (2013) 3–D numerical simulation of the jet nappe in the beveled flip bucket of the spillway. J Hydraul Eng 44:703–709 (In Chinese)

    Google Scholar 

  8. Chen RD, Liu DS, Zhou XQ, Huang E (2008) Numerical simulation of jet flow from contorted jet bucket. Advances in science and technology of water resources 28:8–12 (In Chinese)

    Google Scholar 

  9. Deng J, Yang ZL, Tian Z  et al (2016) A new type of leak–floor flip bucket. Science in China Series E. Technol Sci 59(4):1–8.  https://doi.org/10.1007/s11431-015-5925-x

  10. Deng J, Wei WR, Tian Z, et al (2020) Analysis of Pressure Differences and Water Transverse Movement in a Partial-Flip Bucket. J Hydraul Eng 146: 04020063-1–04020063-10. https://ascelibrary.org/doi/10.1061/%28ASCE%29HY.1943-7900.0001780

  11. Wu JH, Li SF, Ma F (2018) Energy dissipation of slot-type flip buckets. J Hydrodyn 2:365–368. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42241-018-0022-9

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Tian R, Wu JH, Xu Z et al (2019) Jet trajectory of flow-separating slot-type flip bucket. Water Supply 134: 1–8. https://doi.org/10.2166/ws.2019.134

  13. Tian R, Wu JH, Ma F (2020) Flow regime and energy dissipation of SFS-type flip buckets. J Hydrodyn 32: 179–182. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42241-020-0010-8

  14. Wang LZN, Su C (2020) Research on the optimization Design of Abnormal Flip Buckets. Math Probl Eng. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/8084941

  15. Deng J, Wei WR, Tian Z et al (2018) Design of a Streamwise-Lateral ski-Jump Flow Discharge Spillway. Water 10: 2–13.  https://doi.org/10.3390/w10111585

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Lara RD, Ota JJ, Fabiani A (2018) Reduction of the erosive effects of effluent jets from spillways by contractions in the flow. Braz J Water Resour 23: 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1590/2318-0331.0318170154

  17. Juon R, Hager WH (2000) Flip bucket without and with deflectors. J Hydraul Eng 126:837–845.  https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(2000)126:11(837)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Heller V, Hager WH, Minor HE (2005) Ski jump hydraulics. J Hydraul Eng 131:347–355.  https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(2005)131:5(347)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Wu JH, Wan B, Ma F, Li TC (2015) Flow choking characteristics of slit–type energy dissipaters. Journal of Hydrodynamics, series B 27:159–162.  https://doi.org/10.1016/S1001-6058(15)60468-1

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Xu XQ (1958) The formation of shooting flow in bucket–type energy dissipators. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering Society of China 3:36–49 (In Chinese)

    Google Scholar 

  21. Liu ZR, Jiang YY , Liu GC et al (1980) Arc radius and critical jet flow discharges in the ski jump energy dissipaters. Proc Energy Dissipation Eros Control 441–448 . (In Chinese)

  22. Cui QL, Lin DH (1987) The calculation of shooting discharges on flip buckets. Journal of agricultural university of Hebei 10:97–104 (In Chinese)

    Google Scholar 

  23. Savic L, Kuzmanovic V, Milovanovic B (2010) Ski jump design. Water Management 163:523–527. https://doi.org/10.1680/wama.900052

    Google Scholar 

  24. Steiner R, Heller V, Hager WH, Minor HE (2008) Deflector ski jump hydraulics. J Hydraul Eng 134:562–571. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(2008)134:5(562)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Lucas J, Hager WH, Boes RM (2013) Deflector effect on chute flow. J Hydraul Eng 139:444–449. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)HY.1943-7900.0000652

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Heller V (2011) Scale effects in physical hydraulic engineering models. J Hydraul Res 49:293–306. https://doi.org/10.1080/00221686.2011.578914

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Wu CG (2019) Hydraulics (5th Ed.). China higher education press. Beijing

Download references

Acknowledgements

This work is supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province [grant No. E2019402102 and No. E2019402256], and the special doctoral fund project of Hebei University of Engineering.

Data Availability Statement

The data used to support the findings of this study are included within the article.

Conflict of Interest

The authors declare that they have no competing interest.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Water Conservancy and Hydropower Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, 056002, China

    S. Li

  2. College of Water Conservancy and Hydropower Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China

    J. Wu & F. Ma

Authors
  1. S. Li
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. J. Wu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. F. Ma
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to J. Wu.

Additional information

Publisher’s Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Li, S., Wu, J. & Ma, F. Choking Flow Characteristics of the Rectangular Slot-Type Flip Bucket. Exp Tech 47, 211–222 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40799-021-00532-7

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40799-021-00532-7

Keywords

Search

Navigation