Abstract
Planar imaging of optically dense media using laser diagnostics is subject to measurement errors due to the occurrence of laser attenuation. Laser attenuation effects are particularly significant in Planar Nephelometry, a technique which infers particle concentration from the intensity of light scattered from particles. The current study presents an iterative correction method for Planar Nephelometry concentration measurements to account for errors due to laser attenuation. This method minimizes the influence of laser attenuation by applying the corrections directly on instantaneous planar images of the medium investigated. As instantaneous images are used, the method is suitable for measurements of highly turbulent flows that require instantaneous planar information. The proposed correctionmethod is validated experimentally using Planar Nephelometry concentration measurements. Experiments conducted used neutrally buoyant spherical particles suspended in water at various known concentrations. Results indicate that corrections can be used to improve the accuracy of concentration measurements from 65% to approximately 90%.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Sick, V., and Stojokovic, B., “Attenuation Effects on Imaging Diagnostics of Hollow-Cone Sprays,” Applied Optics 40: 2435–2442 (2001).
Koh, H., Jeon, J., Kim, D., Yoon, Y., and Koo, J., “Analysis of Signal Attenuation for Quantification of a Planar Imaging Technique,” Measurement Science and Technology 14: 1829–1838 (2003).
Talley, D., Verdieck, J., Lee, S., Mcdonell, V., and Samuelsen, G., Accounting for Laser Sheet Extinction in Applying Pllif to Sprays“, 34th Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit, Reno, NV, 1996.
Abu-Gharbieh, R., Persson, J., Forsth, M., Rosen, A., Karlstrom, A., and Gustavsson, T., “Compensation Method for Attenuated Planar Laser Images of Optically Dense Sprays,” Applied Optics 39: 1260–1267 (2000).
Versluis, M., Georgiev, N., Martisson, L., Alden, M., and Kroll, S., “2-D Absolute OH Concentration Profiles in Atmospheric Flames Using Planar LIF in a Bi-Directional Laser Beam Configuration,” Applied Physics B 65: 411–417 (1997).
Verbiezen, K., Klein-Douwel, R., Van Vliet, A., et al., “Attenuation Corrections for In-Cylinder No LIF Measurements in a Heavy-Duty Diesel Engine,” Applied Physics B 83: 155–166 (2006).
Hertz, H., and Alden, M., “Calibration of Imaging Laser-Induced Fluorescence Measurements in Highly Absorbing Flames,” Applied Physics B 42: 97–102 (1987).
Desgroux, P., Gasnot, L., Pauwels, J., and Sochet, L., “Correction of LIF Temperature Measurements for Laser Absorption and Fluorescence Trapping in a Flame—Application to the Thermal Perturbation Study Induced by a Sampling Probe,” Applied Physics B 61: 401–407 (1995).
Kalt, P., Birzer, C., and Nathan, G., “Corrections to Facilitate Planar Imaging of Particle Concentration in Particle-Laden Flows Using Mie Scattering, Part 1: Collimated Laser Sheets,” Applied Optics 46: 5823–5834 (2007).
Brugman, T., Stoffels, G., Dam, N., Meerts, W., and ter Meulen, J., “Imaging and Post-Processing of Alser-Induced Fluorescence from NO in a Diesel Engine,” Applied Physics B 64: 717–724 (1997).
Can, A., Al-Kofahi, O., Lasek, S., Szarowski, D., Turner, J., and Roysam, B., “Attenuation Correction in Confocal Laser Microscopes: A Novel Two-View Approach,” Journal of Microscopy 211: 67–79 (2003).
Wellander, R., Berrocal, E., Kristensson, E., Richter, M., and Alden, M., “Three-Dimensional Measurement of the Local Extinction Coefficient in a Dense Spray,” Measurement Science and Technology 22: 125303–125318 (2011).
Berrocal, E., Kristensson, E., Richter, M., Linne, M., and Alden, M., “Application of Structured Illumination for Multiple Scattering Suppression in Planar Laser Imaging of Dense Sprays,” Optics Express 16: 17870–17881 (2008).
Kristensson, E., Berrocal, E., Richter, M., Pettersson, S., and Alden, M., “High-Speed Structured Planar Laser Illumination for Contrast Improvement of Two-Phase Flow Images,” Optics Letters 33: 2752–2754 (2008).
Kristensson, E., Araneo, L., Berrocal, E., et al., “Analysis of Multiple Scattering Suppression Using Structured Laser Illumination Planar Imaging in Scattering and Fluorescing Media,” Optics Express 19: 13647–13663 (2011).
van de Hulst, H.C., Light Scattering by Small Particles, Wiley Press, New York (1957).
Gouesbet, G., “Generalized Lorenz-Mie Theory and Applications,” Particle & Particle Systems Characterization 11: 22–34 (1994).
Cheong, M., Birzer, C., and Lau, T., “Single-Image Attenuation Corrections to Facilitate Instantaneous Planar Imaging of Densely Seeded Particle-Laden Flows,” 7th Australasian Congress on Applied Mechanics, Adelaide, Australia, 2012.
Cheong, M., Birzer, C., and Lau, T., “Single Image Corrections to Facilitate Planar Imaging of Particle Concentration in Particle-Laden Fluids,” 18th Australasian Fluid Mechanics Conference, Launceston, Australia, 2012.
Becker, H., “Mixing, Concentration Fluctuations, and Marker Nephelometry,” Launder, B.E., (ed), Studies in Convection, Academic Press, New York, pp. 45–139 (1977).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Cheong, M., Birzer, C. & Lau, T. Laser Attenuation Correction for Planar Nephelometry Concentration Measurements. Exp Tech 40, 1075–1083 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40799-016-0105-x
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40799-016-0105-x