Abstract
This paper discusses how the use of today’s computational tools can lead to a quick advance of the field of ship hydrodynamics, by answering long existing questions, indicating simple models and demonstrating design trends. Some examples are given of subjects for which analysis of computational results, from RANS and free-surface potential flow codes, has led to improved understanding of the flow. The first example describes how better understanding of ship wave making and its dependence on the hull form has been obtained from analysis of potential flow calculations. The resulting insight is still used in the context of CFD-based hull form optimisation. The second example describes how questions regarding the model-to-ship extrapolation of experimental results have been solved using RANS computations. The last example shows how computational study of shallow-water effects has led to a method to correct for tank width effects in model measurements; to an improved model-to-ship extrapolation procedure for shallow water tests; and to a simple trial correction method for moderate shallow-water effects. The examples are meant to illustrate and promote this sort of research, and subjects are mentioned for which similar progress can probably be made using CFD methods.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Baba E, Takekuma K (1975) A study on free-surface flow around bow of slowly moving full forms. J Soc Nav Archit Jpn 137
Chung D, Hutchins N, Schultz MP, Flack KA (2021) Predicting the drag of rough surfaces. Annu Rev Fluid Mech 53:439–471
Dawson CW (1977) A Practical Computer Method for Solving Ship-Wave Problems. In: Proceedings of 2nd International Conference Numerical Ship Hydrodynamics, Berkeley, USA
Eça L, Hoekstra M (1996) Numerical Calculations of Ship Stern Flows at Full-Scale Reynolds Numbers. In: Proceedings of 21st Symposium Naval Hydrodynamics, Trondheim, Norway
Eça L, Hoekstra M (2008) The numerical friction line. J Mar Sci Technol 13:328–345
Eça L, Starke AR, Kerkvliet M, Raven HC (2021) On the contribution of roughness effects to the scaling of ship resistance, MARINE 2021 Conference
Hoekstra M (1999) Numerical simulation of ship stern flows with a space-marching Navier Stokes method, Dissertation. Delft University of Technology, Delft
ITTC (2017a) Report of Specialist Committee on Performance of Ships in Service. In: Proceedings of 28th ITTC, Wuxi, China, International Towing Tank Conference (ed)
ITTC (2017b) Preparation, conduct and analysis of speed/power trials. Appendix K, ‘Raven shallow-water correction. ITTC Recommended procedures and guidelines 7.5-04-01-01.1
ITTC (2021) Report of the specialist committee on CFD and EFD combined methods. In: 29th International Towing Tank Conference
Janson CE (1997) Potential-flow panel methods for the calculation of free-surface flows with lift, Dissertation, Chalmers University, Gothenburg, Sweden
Jensen G (1988) Berechnung der Stationären Potentialströmung um ein Schiff unter Berücksichtigung der Nichtlinearen Randbedingung an der Wasseroberfläche, Dissertation, University of Hamburg, IfS Bericht, p 484
Kirsch M (1966) Shallow water and channel effects on wave resistance. J Ship Res 10–3:164–181
Korkmaz KB (2020) Improved power predictions of ships using combined cfd/efd methods for the form factor, licentiate thesis. Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg
Korkmaz KB, Werner S, Sakamoto N, Queutey P, Deng G, Yuling G, Guoxiang D, Maki K, Ye H, Akinturk A, Sayeed T, Hino T, Zhao F, Tezdogan T, Demirel YK, Bensow R (2021) CFD based form factor determination method. Ocean Eng 220:108
Kreitner J (1934) Über den Schiffswiderstand auf beschränktem Wasser. Werft Reeder Hafen 15–7:77–82
Lackenby H (1963) The effect of shallow water on ship speed. Shipbuilder marine engine builder. Wiley, New Jersey, pp 446–450
Larsson L, Raven HC (2010) Ship resistance and flow. Principles of naval architecture series. SNAME, New Jersey
Lighthill J (1980) Waves in fluids. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp 404–409
Millward A (1989) The effect of water depth on hull form factor. Int Shipbuild Progr 36–407:283–302
Newman JN (1976) Linearized wave resistance theory. In: Proceedings of International Seminar on Wave Resistance, Tokyo/Osaka, Society Naval Arch. Japan
Raven HC (1988) Variations on a theme by Dawson. In: Proceedings of 17th Symposium Naval Hydrodynamics, Den Haag, Netherlands
Raven HC (1992) A practical nonlinear method for calculating ship wavemaking and wave resistance. In: Proceedings of 19th Symposium Naval Hydrodynamics, Seoul, South-Korea
Raven HC (1996) A solution method for the nonlinear ship wave resistance problem. Dissertation, Delft University Technology, Delft, Netherlands
Raven HC (2010) Validation of an approach to analyse and understand ship wave making. J Mar Sci Technol 15:331–344
Raven HC (2012) A computational study of shallow-water effects on ship viscous resistance. In: Proceedings of 29th Symposium Naval Hydrodynamics, Gothenburg, Sweden
Raven HC (2014) Analysing numerical flow computations for practical ship hull form design, invited lecture. In: 30th Symposium Naval Hydrodynamics, Hobart, Australia
Raven HC (2016) A new correction procedure for shallow-water effects in ship speed trials. In: Proceedings of 13th International Symposium on Practical Design of Ships (PRADS), Kopenhagen, Denmark
Raven HC (2019a) A method to correct shallow-water model tests for tank wall effects. J Mar Sci Technol 24(2):437–453
Raven HC (2019b) Shallow-water effects in ship model testing and at full scale. Ocean Eng 189:106
Raven HC (2021) Credibility of wave breaking computations by Volume of Fluid RANS codes. In: 23rd Numerical Towing Tank Symposium, Mülheim/Ruhr, Germany
Raven HC (2022) A correction method for shallow-water effects on ship speed trials. The ‘Raven shallow-water correction’, Report 98800-1-RD, MARIN, https://www.marin.nl/en/publications/a-correction-method-for-shallow-water-effects-on-ship-speed-trials
Raven HC, Scholcz TP (2017) Wave Resistance Minimisation in Practical Ship Design. Proceedings of VII International Conference on Computational Methods in Marine Engineering (MARINE2017), Nantes, France
Raven HC, Van der Ploeg A, Starke AR (2008) Towards a CFD-based prediction of ship performance: progress in predicting full-scale resistance and scale effects. Int J Marit Eng, Trans RINA Part A 150–A4:31–42
Schlichting O (1934) Schiffswiderstand auf beschränkter Wassertiefe-Widerstand von Seeschiffen auf flachem Wasser. STG Jahrbuch Vol. 35
Sharma SD, Naegle JN (1970) Optimization of bow bulb configurations on the basis of model wave profile measurements, Report 104, Department of Naval Arch. Marine Engineering, University of Michigan, USA
Van der Ploeg A, Eça L, Hoekstra M (2000) Combining accuracy and efficiency with robustness in ship stern flow calculation. In: Proceedings of 23rd Symposium Naval Hydrodynamics, Val de Rueil, France
Acknowledgements
Most of the research described in this paper has been funded by the Dutch Ministry of Economic Affairs over the years.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
Raven, H.C. Ship hydrodynamics knowhow derived from computational tools: some examples. J. Ocean Eng. Mar. Energy 8, 573–585 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40722-022-00256-9
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40722-022-00256-9