Abstract
Stomata are small epidermal pores responsible for the strict control of the amount of CO2 that diffuses into the leaves while controlling the amount of water vapor lost to the atmosphere. The time required for the stomatal valve opening and closing is coordinated with an optimized hydraulic supply and strongly responds to the surrounding environment. We demonstrate that intense shading conditions promote high levels of plasticity in the woody species of Podocarpus macrophyllus, Eucalyptus urophylla, and Capsicum chinense, in a series of hydraulic, anatomical, and gas exchange traits—parameters that have been associated with optimized stomatal kinetics. The high levels of plasticity expressed in these species, however, did not translate into alterations in the time to reach 90% of the maximum stomatal conductance (gs) changes (t90) when plants were exposed to dynamic changes in irradiance. In some cases, the growth light affected the maximum slope of gs. This approach, however, was demonstrated not to be ideal for assessing stomatal speed in sun- and shade-acclimated plants as this method was largely dependent on maximum gs. Our findings suggest that stomatal speed, as demonstrated by t90, has low phenotypic plasticity and is most likely under a stronger genetic regulation than other leaf and stomatal anatomical traits.
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Funding
This study was supported by the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture, Hatch Project 7003279 (AAC). FMD acknowledges research fellowships granted by the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development, Brazil (CNPq, Grant 305327/2019-4) and the Foundation for Research Assistance of Minas Gerais State, Brazil (FAPEMIG, Project CRA-RED-00053-16; APQ01512-18).
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AAC and TL designed the study; RSF, LAO, and AAC carried out the experiments; RSF and AAC analyzed the data and wrote the manuscript with revisions from FMD, SAMM, and TL; all authors read and approved the final version of the manuscript.
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Freitas, R.S., Oliveira, L.A., McAdam, S.A.M. et al. Woody species grown under sun and shade present similar stomatal speed. Theor. Exp. Plant Physiol. 35, 275–286 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40626-023-00283-3
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40626-023-00283-3