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Relationships between sap-flow measurements, whole-canopy transpiration and reference evapotranspiration in field-grown papaya (Carica papaya L.)

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Abstract

Whole-canopy gas exchange measurement in papaya can provide a scientific basis to optimize irrigation and fruit yield and quality. The objectives of this study were to: (1) verify the relationship between xylem sap flow measured by the heat coefficient method, and whole canopy transpiration in ‘Gran Golden’ papaya (Carica papaya L.), (2) examine the relationship between xylem sap flow determined from calculations based on forcing water flow through a stem section, and whole canopy transpiration, and (3) verify the relationship between transpiration measured in a plant chamber and calculated reference evapotranspiration (ET0). The experiment was conducted in a commercial planting at the Caliman Agrícola SA farm, Sooretama, ES, Brazil in summer and winter. Whole-canopy gas exchange was measured in custom-built, flow-through whole-canopy Mylar® chambers. There was a correlation (r2 = 0.65) between xylem sap flow measured with the heat coefficient (K) method and whole-canopy transpiration rate measured in the chambers. However, sap flow methodology could not convert this correlated response into an accurate estimate of papaya transpiration measured with whole canopy chambers. The sap flow methodologies were linearly correlated with whole canopy transpiration but each would require additional calibration to the crop. ET0 was correlated with whole canopy transpiration in winter but not in summer likely due to stomatal control of transpiration, as a result of the high leaf temperature and ET0 in summer. The concept of sap flow to measure transpiration has value in papaya production but supplementary studies will be necessary to improve the accuracy and estimation of the whole-canopy transpiration in the papaya plant.

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Abbreviations

K:

Heat coefficient

ET0 :

Reference evapotranspiration

VPDleaf–air :

Leaf-to-air vapor pressure difference

E:

Transpiration

PAR:

Photosynthetically active radiation

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Acknowledgments

We acknowledge the support of Caliman Agrícola S/A, Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos (FINEP, Brazil), Fundação Carlos Chagas de Apoio à Pesquisa no Estado do Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ, Brazil), National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq, Brazil) and Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES, Brazil). We are also thankful to Dynamax (Houston, Texas, USA) for providing the probes to measure the xylem sap flow. We are also thankful to Dr. Bruce Schaffer, Tropical Research & Education Center (TREC), University of Florida, USA for helpful grammar corrections.

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Mention of a trademark, proprietary product, or vendor does not constitute a guarantee or warranty of the product by the U.S. Dept. of Agriculture and does not imply its approval to the exclusion of other products or vendors that also may be suitable. USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry and Biology, CESI, State University of Maranhão, Rua Godofredo Viana, 1300, Imperatriz, MA, 65901-480, Brazil

    Tiago Massi Ferraz & Fabrício De Oliveira Reis

  2. Plant Physiology Laboratory, LMGV, Agricultural Science and Technology Center, State University of North Fluminense, Av. Alberto Lamego, 2000, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, 28013-602, Brazil

    Alena Torres Netto, Anderson Lopes Peçanha, Weverton Pereira Rodrigues & Eliemar Campostrini

  3. Irrigation Sector, Agricultural Science and Technology Center, State University of North Fluminense, Av. Alberto Lamego, 2000, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, 28013-602, Brazil

    Elias Fernandes De Sousa

  4. Instituto de Pesquisa, Assistência Técnica e Extensão Rural do Espírito Santo, Linhares, ES, 29915-140, Brazil

    José Altino Machado Filho

  5. USDA-ARS, Appalachian Fruit Research Station, 2217 Wiltshire Road, Kearneysville, WV, 25430, USA

    David Michael Glenn

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  1. Tiago Massi Ferraz
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Correspondence to Eliemar Campostrini.

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Ferraz, T.M., Netto, A.T., De Oliveira Reis, F. et al. Relationships between sap-flow measurements, whole-canopy transpiration and reference evapotranspiration in field-grown papaya (Carica papaya L.). Theor. Exp. Plant Physiol. 27, 251–262 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40626-015-0049-z

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